akull

Albanian

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Possibly:

1. A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *keHl- whence also Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”), Proto-Slavic *kaliti (“to temper, harden”), Latin callum (“hardened skin”).
2. Borrowed from Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *jekulaz (“icicle”).
3. Akin Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc, “cold, frost”), suffixed with -ull, though the two terms are phonologically incompatible.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈakuɫ/
• Rhymes: -akuɫ

Noun

ákull m (plural ákuj, definite ákulli, definite plural ákujt)

1. ice

   Synonym: cungri

Declension

Declension of akull

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	akull	akulli	akuj	akujt
accusative		akullin
dative	akulli	akullit	akujve	akujve
ablative			akujsh

Adjective

akull (feminine akulle)

1. very cold, ice-cold

   Synonym: i ftohtë

2. (figurative) cold, insensible

   Synonyms: i ftohtë, i ngrirë

Adverb

akull

1. very

   Synonyms: shumë, fare

Alternative forms

• akullë — archaic
• akëll, hakull — dialectal

Derived terms

• akullaç
• akullçarës
• akullemë
• akullimë
• akullirë
• akullishtë
• akullmbajtëse
• akullnajë
• akulloj
• akullor
• akullsi
• i akullt
• akulltar
• akullthyes

Etymology 2

Possibly akin to Italian aculeo (“thorn”).

Noun

akull m (Calabria)

1. arrow

   Synonyms: shigjetë, heshtëz

   • 1836, Girolamo de Rada, Canti di Milosao, canto 1, page 14, line 9:

     s'e pyrχγaccu aculi

     [s'e përgjaku akulli]

     the arrow did not make her bleed

References

• Miklosich, Franz (1871), “acúleus”, in Die romanischen Elemente im Albanischen (Albanische Forschungen; 2), Vienna, page 1

Further reading

• Meyer, G. (1891), “akuł”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 7
• Jungg, G. (1895), Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary]‎^[3]
• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[4], 1980, page 21b
• Newmark, Leonard (1999), “akull”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎^[5], Oxford: Oxford University Press
• “akull”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006