affirmo

Latin

Alternative forms

• adfirmō

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd

Proto-Italic *ad

Proto-Italic *ad-

Latin ad-

Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-mos

Proto-Indo-European *dʰermos

Proto-Italic *θermos

Proto-Italic *fermos

Latin firmus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin firmō

Latin affirmō

From ad- (“to, towards, at”) + firmō (“strengthen, fortify”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [afˈfɪr.moː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [afˈfir.mo]

Verb

affirmō (present infinitive affirmāre, perfect active affirmāvī, supine affirmātum); first conjugation

1. to present (something) as fixed, firm, or true; affirm, assert, maintain

   Synonyms: firmō, contendō, aiō, arguō, fīgō

2. to strengthen, confirm, corroborate
3. (figurative) to make clear

Conjugation

   Conjugation of affirmō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	affirmō		affirmās		affirmat		affirmāmus		affirmātis		affirmant
	imperfect	affirmābam		affirmābās		affirmābat		affirmābāmus		affirmābātis		affirmābant
	future	affirmābō		affirmābis		affirmābit		affirmābimus		affirmābitis		affirmābunt
	perfect	affirmāvī		affirmāvistī		affirmāvit		affirmāvimus		affirmāvistis		affirmāvērunt, affirmāvēre
	pluperfect	affirmāveram		affirmāverās		affirmāverat		affirmāverāmus		affirmāverātis		affirmāverant
	future perfect	affirmāverō		affirmāveris		affirmāverit		affirmāverimus		affirmāveritis		affirmāverint
passive	present	affirmor		affirmāris, affirmāre		affirmātur		affirmāmur		affirmāminī		affirmantur
	imperfect	affirmābar		affirmābāris, affirmābāre		affirmābātur		affirmābāmur		affirmābāminī		affirmābantur
	future	affirmābor		affirmāberis, affirmābere		affirmābitur		affirmābimur		affirmābiminī		affirmābuntur
	perfect	affirmātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	affirmātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	affirmātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	affirmem		affirmēs		affirmet		affirmēmus		affirmētis		affirment
	imperfect	affirmārem		affirmārēs		affirmāret		affirmārēmus		affirmārētis		affirmārent
	perfect	affirmāverim		affirmāverīs		affirmāverit		affirmāverīmus		affirmāverītis		affirmāverint
	pluperfect	affirmāvissem		affirmāvissēs		affirmāvisset		affirmāvissēmus		affirmāvissētis		affirmāvissent
passive	present	affirmer		affirmēris, affirmēre		affirmētur		affirmēmur		affirmēminī		affirmentur
	imperfect	affirmārer		affirmārēris, affirmārēre		affirmārētur		affirmārēmur		affirmārēminī		affirmārentur
	perfect	affirmātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	affirmātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		affirmā		—		—		affirmāte		—
	future	—		affirmātō		affirmātō		—		affirmātōte		affirmantō
passive	present	—		affirmāre		—		—		affirmāminī		—
	future	—		affirmātor		affirmātor		—		—		affirmantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		affirmāre			affirmārī			affirmāns			—
future		affirmātūrum esse			affirmātum īrī			affirmātūrus			affirmandus
perfect		affirmāvisse			affirmātum esse			—			affirmātus
future perfect		—			affirmātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		affirmātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		affirmandī		affirmandō		affirmandum		affirmandō		affirmātum		affirmātū

Derived terms

• affirmanter
• affirmātē
• affirmātiō
• affirmātīvus
• affirmātor

Descendants

• Asturian: afirmar
• Catalan: afirmar
• English: affirm
• French: affirmer
• Galician: afirmar
• Italian: affermare
• Portuguese: afirmar
• Romanian: afirma
• Spanish: afirmar

References

• “affirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “affirmo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • this much I can vouch for: illud pro certo affirmare licet
    
• affirmo in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Portuguese

Verb

affirmo

1. first-person singular present indicative of affirmar