Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dyew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*dyew-

1. to be bright, to shine
2. sky, heaven

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dyew- (138 c, 0 e)

Some derivations have undergone metathesis of the root, giving *deyw-.

• *dyḗws
• *dyutkós (“celestial, heavenly”) (+ *tek- (“to obtain, receive”))
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dyukšás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dyukṣás
      • Vedic Sanskrit: द्युक्ष (dyukṣá)
• *deyn-o-s (“day”) (probably a back-formation from *deywós, interpreting *dey- as the root)
  • Proto-Albanian: *deina
    • Albanian: din (“to break (of dawn)”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *deinas
    • Latgalian: dīna
    • Latvian: diena
    • Lithuanian: diena
    • Old Prussian: dēinā
    • Samogitian: dėina
  • Proto-Germanic: *tīnaz (see there for further descendants)
• *din-o-s (“day”) (variant of the above; perhaps this was originally a consonant stem *dey-n-)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dinas
    • Proto-Slavic: *dьnь (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dinám
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dinám
      • Sanskrit: दिन (diná) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *dinos
    • ⇒ Latin: nūndinus, perendinus
• *deywós
• *déywih₂
• *diwyós
• *d(i)wi-n- (possibly)
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: երկինք (erkinkʻ)

Unsorted formations

• Proto-Anatolian: *Diw-ōt-s
  • Hittite: [script needed] (šiwatt-, “day”)
  • Luwian: [script needed] (Tiwaz), [script needed] (Tiwad-, “theonym”)
  • Palaic: [script needed] (Tiyaz), [script needed] (Tiyad-, “theonym”)
  • ⇒ Lycian: Τευδιαρμα (“Sun-Moon, given name”)
  • ⇒ Lydian: 𐤯𐤦𐤰𐤣𐤠𐤩𐤦𐤳 (tiudališ, “given name”)
• Proto-Slavic: *diviti (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒅆𒌦𒅀𒋻 (/⁠šiuniyatar⁠/, “divine image, divinity”)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dyú, *diwám, *dyáwš
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dyú, *diwám, *dyáwṣ
    • Sanskrit: द्यु (dyú), दिव (divá, “sky, heaven”), द्यो (dyó, “heaven”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *dyú, *diwám, *dyáwš
    • Sogdian: ܠܝܘܐܟܟ (δēwāk, “heavenly”), ܠܝܘܮܘܢ (δēwγōn, “heavenly”)
    • ⇒ Persian: لیو (liv, “sun”) (δēwāk > *lēwāk > lēw > lēv > līv) (perhaps)
  • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dyumā́
    • Sanskrit: द्युमान् (dyumān)
    • → Proto-Uralic: *juma

Further reading

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag