I guess 1928 was an interesting year for African American music (see my previous entry). It was also the year that Paul Robeson (a Phi Beta Kappa and well-known football player at Rutgers) sang "Old Man River" in his London appearance in “Show Boat,” with its original lyrics: “Niggers all work on the Mississippi, niggers all work while the white folk play.” He eventually changed the lyrics to “There’s an old man called the Mississippi, that’s the old man that I'd like to be.” By the time Frank Sinatra sang it, it went: “Here we all work along the Mississippi,” and so a Jerome Kern-Oscar Hammerstein II slave song changes into an All-American classic.
Even in the context of the show, it's weird to think of talented and respected African-Americans singing lyrics like that, and the wild popularity of all the "Jim Crow" and Minstrel BS.
In October of 1927, Al Jolson (America's most famous and highest paid white superstar who was also considered "the first openly Jewish man to become an entertainment star in America"; he performed in "blackface") spoke the first words ever spoken in a popular moving picture (called "The Jazz Singer"): “Wait a minute, wait a minute. You ain’t heard nothin’ yet!” True, it was huge technological breakthrough for the movie industry, but at the same time it showed that "coon songs" and that kind of racial mockery were heavily ingrained in American culture.
Here is Al Jolson as seen in "The Jazz Singer":
"Coon" was a wildly popular genre of music that emerged in the 1880s, with "coon songs" usually presented in a comic form, often "in dialect" and included songs like: "The Coons are on Parade" (1883), “All Coons Look Alike To Me" (1899), "Coon, Coon, Coon" (1901), “Every Race Has A Flag But The Coon,” and "Oh, You Coon" (1908). There was even a children's lullaby: "You'se Just a Little Nigger, Still You'se Mine All Mine."
By the mid-1880s, coon songs were a national craze; over 600 such songs were published in the 1890s. The most successful songs sold millions of copies. To take advantage of the fad, composers would "add words typical of coon songs to previously published songs and rags." So weird......
Here are some pictures of sheet music from the time:


A costume advertisement from the "Coon" heyday:

There is a good essay
here on the subject which mentions that:
Long before Kate Smith became, arguably, an American icon of patriotism for her rendition of Irving Berlin’s “God Bless America,” she was screeching into a recorder’s microphone, “Someone had to pick the cotton, someone had to pick the corn, someone had to slave and be able to sing, that’s why darkies were born.” Major record companies for years had been producing records for black audiences called “race records,” I learned later. Then, in the early ‘50s, Jerry Wexler, a musical columnist for Billboard magazine, coined the term “Rhythm and Blues” to replace the confusingly titled product called “race records.”The author believes that the worst of the "coon songs" was "If the Man in Moon Were a Coon." I actually have an early recording of this song by Ada Jones, one of the most popular female recording artists of the "acoustic era." The song was recorded in 1905 and sold over three million copies.
No song, in my opinion, is more egregious, more lamentable, more unforgivable than “If The Man In The Moon Were A Coon.” Recorded by Tommy Dorsey and The Clambake Seven in 1937 for Victor, it featured Jack Leonard, who crooned these words like a love song: “If the man in the moon were a coon, coon, coon, what would you do? He would fade with the shades of silvery moon, moon, moon, away from you. No roamin’ round the park at night, no spooning in the bright moonlight, if the man in the moon were a coon, coon, coon.” Recorded for the other side of “Josephine,” it was pulled after the first release and never played again.Download/listen to the ultra-rare “If The Man In The Moon Were A Coon” recorded by Tommy Dorsey and The Clambake Seven in 1937
here.
You can read even more about Coon Songs on the
Wikipedia Page where I learned that whites weren't the only ones writing them:
Important African-American composers of coon songs include: Ernest Hogan (who wrote "All Coons Look Alike to Me," the most famous coon song), Sam Lucas (who wrote the most racist early coon songs by modern standards), Sidney Perrin, Bob Cole (who wrote dozens of songs, including "I Wonder What The Coon's Game Is?" and "No Coons Allowed"), and Bert Williams and George Walker.[With all this in mind, makes it even more ridiculous that the WB, a television network which targets an African-American audience would choose an amphibious embodiment of Al Jolson as its mascot, right?]

**UPDATE**
While at a screening of "Captain Blood" at the famous Million Dollar Theater in Los Angeles, I got to see, touch and smell the very curtain that Al Jolson performed in front of in The Jazz Singer:
