1×1

Original writing on singular works of art.

Flag Pillow (1989) is one of Hugh Steers’s most stridently political works. A small oil sketch on paper, the work’s central focus is a figure laying on a wooden floor, naked body exposed save for a pillow patterned with the US flag, draped over the subject’s face as would a death shroud. Alongside the body, a kneeling figure holds the hand of the departed—a comforting clasp, the way a mother assures a child. In the background, two suited figures loom over the scene, hands in pockets. Steers portray the “suits” from the neck down—the pair survey the scene from beyond our vantage, all-seeing but unmoved to act. One could imagine the look shared between them, apathy bound with resignation: What could we do about it?

The boots face the Pacific at Del Mar. From a distance, they have the appearance of matchsticks or standing stones. This image forms the opening salvo in Eleanor Antin’s 100 Boots, a two-year conceptual art project that began in 1971 and culminated in an exhibition at MoMA in 1973. During those two years, Antin arranged fifty pairs of black rubber boots in various formations—queuing, circling, perched in trees, marching up hills—at locations across California and, later, New York.

My mentor taught us the gravity of reading in a writer’s life, told us of how in graduate school, he had always held a book in one hand, stopping reading only to sleep or, of course, to write. In his office hours, he took interest in what I was reading, what I liked to read. He told me he loved the smart, weird girl narrator (who doesn’t) in a story I had written. And then, pulling a copy off his shelf, how he had a book I must read: Samantha Hunt’s The Seas.

The first time I saw Monk by the Sea (1808–10) was in Intro to Art History at Duke University in the spring of 1986. Tough to say how good a slide Professor Walter Melion had when he projected it on the screen in the East Duke building lecture hall—until recently it was still difficult to get a good image of it. I now realize that it is because it is largely unreproducible.

I try to make sense of the suddenness of color—chartreuse, canary, and cerulean—that unexpectedly follows the gray and beige work-a-day palette of the previous room as Sylvia shifts to landscape, painting a grassy lawn that stretches out to a coppice of golden trees. A low ridge rises behind them. Puffs of clouds, white, silver, yellow, and gray, drift through a perfect sky. I take it in for a moment, then inch closer. 

Japanese contemporary artist Genpei Akasegawa (1937–2014) created these offset lithograph editions of the Greater Japan Zero-Yen Note (Dai Nihon Rei-en Satsu or 大日本零円札) in 1967. This timing is significant, as Akasegawa had just appealed his criminal conviction, now art historically referred to as the Model 1,000-yen Note Incident...

Pope.L sits on his haunches alongside a building over the course of a few very hot and humid days in July. He is a curious sight—an unambiguously Black man with two jars and plastic spoons set before him. “Warm mayo?” he asks the passerby. “One hundred dollars a dollop,” he adds.

Here are five or more such objects in various states of assembly. The one that rises above the others may be finished: it offers a graphic representation of a seascape with windblown rain over choppy, curling waves.

Daylight reflects a moment of mourning—not a death, in this case, but a romance, during the period of incomprehension which marks a relationship’s demise. The poem’s stunned narrator confronts the reality that “Our love might end,” as an infinite, infallible love reveals itself to be fallible and finite.
Like Cézanne and his quixotic desire to invent an Impressionism with weight, or Blake who wanted to merge the line of Poussin with the torque of Michelangelo, Kuniyoshi sought out seemingly impossible dialectics, hoping to generate frisson in what were previously seen as impossible and disparate realities. He came to reject the easy offer, and set about forcing its contradictions to move painting forward.
It’s 1977, about five years after Bettina Grossman moved into the Chelsea Hotel and eleven years since a devastating studio fire in Brooklyn Heights reduced much of her work to ashes. Sitting in her room on the fifth floor, she looks out on 23rd Street with her camera, continuing her ritual as the city’s oblique witness.
In some dictionaries, “coral” has a useless etymology. The English comes from the Old French coral, from the Latin corallium, from the Greek korállion—all sharing the same sense: coral. The word comes from itself, and itself, and itself, and then substance.
The height was my height, I thought. I carefully considered the wooden structure that carved out the center opening. Small pieces of ink drawings were tucked in one corner or another, hunching and gleaming. Monsters grimace like cautionary road signs.
The artist’s friend loans her the keys to an empty apartment in Venice. It’s the middle of summer, 1988. She makes numerous train trips to Padua, visiting Giotto’s chapel, but more often she remains on the island, and when she does she walks to the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, where Tintoretto’s Crucifixion adorns a wall in the great room designated for gatherings of the fraternity’s governing body.
Language Is Not Transparent is not the beginning but very close to the beginning of Bochner’s art work. He’d found himself inclined to Wittgenstein, the philosopher he’d studied and admired. In an interview with Border Crossings in 2019, he’d said you don’t really get ideas out of Wittgenstein, you get a manner of being.
For the summer issue, we asked ten artists, scholars, and writers to respond to one artwork by Wendy Red Star, on the occasion of her traveling exhibition A Scratch on the Earth.
By Sheilah ReStack
Red Star takes these images from the National Anthropological Archive, and frees them from stillness. She traces in red ink around objects; notates; adds speech balloons; explains; diagrams.
By Gina Osterloh
This shift in viewing from afar (abstract pattern) to up close (words and legibility) creates an enmeshed transition from picture viewing to reading—scanning across the picture plane vis-à-vis Red Star’s notations which range from literal description, historical account, personal observations that imbue humor, and contexts within Crow culture.
By Rebecca Bengal
But what pulls me to Red Star’s rez cars is how alive and human they feel: how, even in their eternal stasis, you can’t help see them as still somehow in motion.
By Tiffany Midge
The surreal cast of characters look like something from a South Park episode. The table is strewn with a cornucopia of American Spirit cigarettes and cash, dessert cakes, processed cheese, bologna, and Wonder bread.
By Karen Chernick
Maybe it would have been impossible to fit them all into one frame. All five hundred delegates stacked into a single group portrait, an epic souvenir of every Native American who participated in the Indian Congress in Omaha, Nebraska in 1898.
By Eva Díaz
Wendy Red Star’s Sweat Lodge (2019) slyly flags this intimate, communal, and, well, sweaty aspect of domed film spectatorship, connecting it to the rounded structures customarily used in ceremonies by Native Americans of the Plains communities, including of her own Apsáalooké (Crow) tribe.
By Erica Levin
In eight static long takes, Red Star and Winger-Bearskin undertake a day’s journey into this land, rambling with their dogs across sub-alpine prairies, wide-open rocky expanses, into labyrinthian limestone caves, and down trails that betray traces of settler encroachment in the form of abandoned railroad beds and barbed wire fences.
By Christopher Green
The taxonomic nature of the series evokes the specter of anthropological specimen sampling and natural science modalities through which Native peoples have historically been studied. But Red Star’s straight images of vernacular reservation architecture and materiality create a portrait of life on the rez that counters romanticization with a touch of grounded humor.
By Susan Harris
Swathed in sumptuous tribal garments and adorned with opulent accessories, a Native American Crow chief and his young wife are the subjects of a black-and-white photograph taken in 1873 by a white photographer to commemorate their visit to Washington, DC.
By Zoë Hopkins
How should we read these fields of red ink? As analysis? As adornment? As utterance? The convergence of all of this in a decisive act of archival intervention?
I got to thinking about all of this recently when I saw a certain Joe Brainard painting of a white dog laid out rather elegantly on a green couch. I was immediately drawn in by Brainard’s tangibly affectionate disposition toward his model. The artist’s attempt to render his model faithfully, as if genuinely inspired by the dog’s beauty, the peculiarity of its form, stood in contrast to everything I’d seen by Brainard up to that point—work I enjoy quite a bit, as well, but which is defined instead by cartoonish play, pen-and-ink spunk. This wasn’t Brainard being Brainard in solitude; it was Brainard really listening to, seeking contact with, the dog—meeting the animal halfway.
By Alex A. Jones
The aesthetic of regeneration is different from the picturesque. It is about the perception of a certain type of beauty found in the surprising incarnation of life as it emerges from neglect, or death. Down in the mining pit, locust trees grow up out of stinking dark water, but as I walk by, a group of colorful wood ducks fly out from their undergrowth, shouting in annoyance.
By Jorja Rae Willis
Gentile da Fabriano’s gold-leaf and tempera on panel composition, Madonna and Child, with Saints Lawrence and Julian (ca. 1423–25), currently on view at the Frick Madison, is still housed in its original frame: an appropriately dramatic arrangement of spiraled columns flows into an ogival arch crowned with golden leaves.
It’s February 2020 and I’m looking at two prints laid side-by-side on a work table in the Museum of Modern Art’s Department of Photography. Each shows a wooded pond in Westchester County in the dark of night, the moon rising, shining dimly between the trees that line the far edge of the water. In each case it is the same scene—the same brute visual information—and both images are rendered in soft focus, with a similarly Romantic atmosphere. But they are different.
By Anselm Berrigan
when K wants more courage she looks at the way / Rose draws a leg, the barn your studio, one leg /
ghosted, one hip impinged and set for replace- / ment, Mera from Xebel, Jackson Hyde, & Arthur / Curry, constellated, half a melon holding up the shack / by which mammal shadows repose...
From 2018 to 2019, the Rail published a column titled “1 by 1,” edited by Thyrza Nichols Goodeve, featuring original writing on singular works of art. On the occasion of Wolfgang Tillmans’s retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art, To look without fear, we felt compelled to revive the section.

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