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Changchengite

A valid IMA mineral species
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03322360017271928511515.jpg
The Great Wall of China
Formula:
IrBiS
Colour:
Steel gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
11.96 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Cobaltite Group
Name:
Named after Changcheng, the romanized name of the "Great Wall" of China.
This page provides mineralogical data about Changchengite.


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Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
6860
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6860:0

IMA Classification of ChangchengiteHide

Classification of ChangchengiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2025):
2.EB.25

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
CcgIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of ChangchengiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Steel gray
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=140 - 185 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
11.96 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ChangchengiteHide

Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)
400nm43.3%
440nm45.5%
480nm46.4%
520nm46.9%
560nm47.3%
600nm47.7%
640nm47.6%
680nm47.3%
700nm47.3%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 47.7%.
Colour in reflected light:
Bright white with a yellowish tint

Chemistry of ChangchengiteHide

Mindat Formula:
IrBiS
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Bi48.234 %
Ir44.365 %
S7.401 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
Bi, Ir, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of ChangchengiteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
2 3 - Tetartoidal
Space Group:
P21 3
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.164(3) Å
Unit Cell V:
234.20 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.75 Å(70)
2.51 Å(60)
1.860 Å(100)
1.090 Å(50)
1.027 Å(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of ChangchengiteHide

Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Gaositai Cr-PGE deposit (Gao District; Gaotai village), Gaositai, Chengde County, Chengde, Hebei, China
ⓘ Wulie river placers, Chengde County, Chengde, Hebei, China
General Appearance of Type Material:
Aggregates to 0.2 mm, and as veinlets to 0.2 mm width and 1.0 mm length.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Geological Museum of China, Beijing, China.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Platinum placer deposits
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
IridisiteLaurite
Reference:
Zuxiang, Yu (1997) Changchengite-A New Iridium Bismuthide-Sulphide from the Yanshan Mountains. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 71 (4). 486-490 doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.1997.tb00387.x

Synonyms of ChangchengiteHide

Other Language Names for ChangchengiteHide

Relationship of Changchengite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Cobaltite Group
Other Members of Cobaltite Group:
AndrieslombaarditeRhSbSIso. 2 3 : P21 3
CobaltiteCoAsSOrth. mm2 : Pca21
GersdorffiteNiAsSIso. 2 3 : P21 3
GuixiangiteNiBiSIso. 2 3 : P21 3
Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsSIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsSIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
JolliffeiteNiAsSeIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
KalungaitePdAsSeIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
MaslovitePtBiTeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
MayingiteIrBiTeIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
MicheneritePdBiTeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
MilotaitePdSbSeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
PadmaitePdBiSeIso. 4 3 2
PlatarsitePt(As,S)2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
TestibiopalladitePdSbTeIso.
TolovkiteIrSbSIso.
UllmanniteNiSbSIso. 2 3 : P21 3
UM1991-19-Se:AsCo(Co,Ni)AsSeIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pm3
WillyamiteCoSbS

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.EB.SelenolauriteRuSe2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.AndrieslombaarditeRhSbSIso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.Iridarsenite(Ir,Ru)As2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.EB.Kanatzidisite(SbBiS3)2Te2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.EB.05aVaesiteNiS2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aHaueriteMnS2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aLauriteRuS2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aGaotaiiteIr3Te8Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aPenroseite(Ni,Co,Cu)Se2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aFukuchiliteCu3FeS8Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aVillamanínite(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S2Tric.
2.EB.05aErlichmaniteOsS2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aSperrylitePtAs2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aGeversitePtSb2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aCattieriteCoS2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aAurostibiteAuSb2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aTrogtaliteCoSe2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a vCayeuxite
2.EB.05aKruťaiteCuSe2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aPyriteFeS2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aInsizwaitePt(Bi,Sb)2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.05bBambollaiteCu(Se,Te)2Tet.
2.EB.05aDzharkeniteFeSe2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.10aMarcasiteFeS2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10eParacostibiteCoSbSOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
2.EB.10fOeniteCoSbAsOrth.
2.EB.10ePararammelsbergiteNiAs2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
2.EB.10aMattagamiteCoTe2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10aFrohbergiteFeTe2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10dCostibiteCoSbSOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
2.EB.10bAlloclasiteCo1-xFexAsSMon. 2 : P21
2.EB.10cGlaucodot(Co0.50Fe0.50)AsSOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
2.EB.10aPetříčekiteCuSe2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10aKulleruditeNiSe2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10aFerroseliteFeSe2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15bSeinäjokiteFeSb2Orth.
2.EB.15aRammelsbergiteNiAs2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15aClinosaffloriteCoAs2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.EB.15cPaxiteCuAs2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.EB.15aNisbiteNiSb2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15aLöllingiteFeAs2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15aSafflorite(Co,Ni,Fe)As2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15aOmeiite(Os,Ru)As2Orth.
2.EB.15aAnduoite(Ru,Os)As2Orth.
2.EB.20ArsenopyriteFeAsSMon. 2/m : P21/b
2.EB.20Ruarsite(Ru,Os)AsSMon.
2.EB.20Osarsite(Os,Ru)AsSMon.
2.EB.20GudmunditeFeSbSMon. 2/m : P21/b
2.EB.25MayingiteIrBiTeIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.25MaslovitePtBiTeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.25ParagersdorffiteNi(As,S)2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.25OrthogersdorffiteNiAsSOrth. mm2 : Pca21
2.EB.25JolliffeiteNiAsSeIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.25CobaltiteCoAsSOrth. mm2 : Pca21
2.EB.25GuixiangiteNiBiSIso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.25TestibiopalladitePdSbTeIso.
2.EB.25 vaAntimony-bearing GersdorffiteNi(As,Sb)S
2.EB.25KalungaitePdAsSeIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.25Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsSIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.25MicheneritePdBiTeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.25GersdorffiteNiAsSIso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.25MilotaitePdSbSeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.25TolovkiteIrSbSIso.
2.EB.25PlatarsitePt(As,S)2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.25WillyamiteCoSbS
2.EB.25KvačekiteNiSbSeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.25KrutoviteNiAs2Iso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.25PadmaitePdBiSeIso. 4 3 2
2.EB.25UllmanniteNiSbSIso. 2 3 : P21 3
2.EB.25Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsSIso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
2.EB.30UrvantsevitePd(Bi,Pb)2Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
2.EB.35RheniiteReS2Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:
Non-Magnetic
Notes:
Insoluble in HNO3, HCl, and H3PO4
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ChangchengiteHide

References for ChangchengiteHide

Localities for ChangchengiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China (TL)
 
  • Hebei
    • Chengde
      • Chengde County
        • Gaositai
Zuxiang (1997) +1 other reference
Zuxiang (1997) +1 other reference
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