Waylandite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Waylandite
Formula:
BiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
May contain Ca (replacing Bi) and Si (replacing P).
Colour:
Colorless, white, pale blue, pale brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
4.08 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after Edgar James Wayland (1888-1966), first director of the Uganda Geological Survey.
The Al analogue of zaïrite and the phosphate analogue of arsenowaylandite. Unique combination of elements.
Compare 'UM1972-05-BiO:AlCaP'.
Compare 'UM1972-05-BiO:AlCaP'.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4252
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4252:5
IMA Classification of Waylandite
Approved
Approval year:
1962
First published:
1962
Classification of Waylandite
8.BL.13
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
L : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
L : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1
41.5.12.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
17.6.14
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
6 : Silicates with phosphate
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
6 : Silicates with phosphate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Way | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Waylandite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Waylandite
Vitreous, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, white, pale blue, pale brown
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Comment:
fracture uneven when massive
Density:
4.08 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Waylandite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.748 nε = 1.774
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.026
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Waylandite
Mindat Formula:
BiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
May contain Ca (replacing Bi) and Si (replacing P).
May contain Ca (replacing Bi) and Si (replacing P).
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Waylandite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.9744-6.9834 Å, c = 16.175-16.293 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.319
Unit Cell V:
681.38 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Twinning:
often, cyclic
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0019168 | Waylandite | Mills S J, Kampf A R, Raudsepp M, Birch W D (2010) The crystal structure of waylandite from Wheal Remfry, Cornwall, United Kingdom Mineralogy and Petrology 100 249-253 | 2010 | Wheal Remfry, Cornwall, United Kingdom | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.938 Å | (100) |
| 2.173 Å | (100) |
| 1.888 Å | (85) |
| 5.67 Å | (80) |
| 2.200 Å | (80) |
| 1.743 Å | (80) |
| 3.492 Å | (75) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Geological Setting:
Restormel mine, Cornwall, England
Type Occurrence of Waylandite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals to 0.5 mm; compact fine-grained powder in crusts and veinlets.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral replacing primary Bi minerals (rare); associated mineral concerns locality Ngusa, Kobokobo pegmatite, Rep. of Congo.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Waylandite
Other Language Names for Waylandite
Dutch:Waylandiet
German:Waylandit
Japanese:ウェイランド石
Russian:Вейлендит
Simplified Chinese:磷铝铋矿
Spanish:Waylandita
Traditional Chinese:磷鋁鉍礦
Relationship of Waylandite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Plumbogummite Group:
| Benauite | SrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Eylettersite | Th0.75Al3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Florencite-(La) | LaAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Florencite-(Nd) | NdAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Florencite-(Sm) | SmAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Galloplumbogummite | Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m : R3m |
| Gorceixite | BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Mon. m : Bm |
| Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Kintoreite | PbFe3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Kintoreite-2c | PbFe3+3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6 | |
| Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Springcreekite | BaV3+3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| UM2006-23-PO:AlBiCaFeH | (Ca,Bi)(Fe,Al)3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 | |
| Unnamed (As-analogue of Zaïrite) | (Bi,Pb)Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 | |
| Zaïrite | BiFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Waylandite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4 photos of Waylandite associated with Bismoclite | BiOCl |
| 3 photos of Waylandite associated with Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| 2 photos of Waylandite associated with Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| 2 photos of Waylandite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| 2 photos of Waylandite associated with Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 2 photos of Waylandite associated with Oxybismutomicrolite | (Bi1.33◻0.67)Σ2Ta2O6O |
| 1 photo of Waylandite associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 1 photo of Waylandite associated with Schneebergite | BiCo2(AsO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 1 photo of Waylandite associated with Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BL. | Kiryuite | NaMnAl(PO4)F3 |
| 8.BL. | Metaheimite | PbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BL. | Graulichite-(La) | LaFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL. | Cloudite | BaFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL. | Oberwolfachite | SrFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Gallobeudantite | PbGa3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Slottaite | SrFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Corkite | PbFe3+3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Hidalgoite | PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Hinsdalite | PbAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | UM2011-07-POSO:AlBaH | BaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Kemmlitzite | SrAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Beudantite | PbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Weilerite | BaAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.05 | Svanbergite | SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Segnitite | PbFe3+3AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Arsenogoyazite | SrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Arsenogorceixite | BaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Dussertite | BaFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Galloplumbogummite | Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Stibiosegnitite | Pb(Fe3+2.5Sb5+0.5)(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 va | Viséite | |
| 8.BL.10 | Arsenocrandallite | CaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Benauite | SrFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Crandallite | CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Springcreekite | BaV3+3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Eylettersite | Th0.75Al3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Kintoreite | PbFe3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Gorceixite | BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.10 | Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Florencite-(La) | LaAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Florencite-(Nd) | NdAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Zaïrite | BiFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Arsenoflorencite-(La) | LaAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Arsenoflorencite-(Nd) | NdAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Unnamed (As-analogue of Zaïrite) | (Bi,Pb)Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Arsenoflorencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Graulichite-(Ce) | CeFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Arsenowaylandite | BiAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.13 | Florencite-(Sm) | SmAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BL.15 | Viitaniemiite | Na(Ca,Mn2+)Al(PO4)(F,OH)3 |
| 8.BL.25 | Pattersonite | PbFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)5 · H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Waylandite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4252.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Waylandite
Reference List:
Clark, A. M., Couper, A. G., Embrey, P. G., Fejer, E. E. (1986) Waylandite: new data, from an occurrence in Cornwall, with a note on ‘Agnesite’. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (358) 731-733 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.358.23
Bayliss, P. (1986) X-Ray Powder Data for Nissonite and Waylandite. Powder Diffraction, 1 (4) 331-333 doi:10.1017/s0885715600012033
Hawthorne, Frank C., Burke, Ernst A. J., Ercit, T. Scott, Grew, Edward S., Grice, Joel D., Jambor, John L., Puziewicz, Jacek, Roberts, Andrew C., Vanko, David A. (1988) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 73 (1-2) 189-199 p.199
Jambor, John L. (1999) Nomenclature of the alunite supergroup. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37 (6). 1323-1341
Mills, Stuart J., Kampf, Anthony R., Raudsepp, Mati, Birch, William D. (2010) The crystal structure of waylandite from Wheal Remfry, Cornwall, United Kingdom. Mineralogy and Petrology, 100 (3) 249-253 doi:10.1007/s00710-010-0133-7
Localities for Waylandite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Rankin et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Ralph Bottrill in prep |
Bolivia | |
| Petrov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pires et al. (2020) |
| Berni et al. (2016) |
| analysis of the Jacques Cassedanne sample 1559 (ref. analysis 2023sem62) |
| Färber (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| SAGE (1981) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (2021) |
| |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| Šrein |
| Breiter et al. (1995) |
| Losertová et al. (2014) |
DR Congo | |
| - (1991) |
France | |
| Lesenechal et al. (12/2023) |
| Lesenechal et al. (12/2023) | |
Germany | |
| Blaß et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
| Dill et al. (2009) |
| Belendorff (2007) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| W. Krause et al. (2002) |
Japan | |
| Uehara et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| MORIMITSU et al. (2021) |
| Akira Harada et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Takashi Yamada et al. (1999) |
Namibia | |
| Bideaux |
Portugal | |
| Alves (2016) |
Spain | |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023) |
Uganda (TL) | |
| von Knorring et al. (1962) +3 other references |
UK | |
| King et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Clark et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Rust (1998) +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Buchholz et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
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Roter Berg mining district, Zschorlau, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany