Tooeleite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tooeleite
Formula:
Fe3+6(As3+O3)4(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O
Colour:
Orange
Lustre:
Greasy
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
4.23
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, Gold Hill, Tooele County, Utah, USA.
The only arsenite-sulfate presently known in Nature.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3995
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3995:2
IMA Classification of Tooeleite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Fe3+6(AsO3)4(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O
Approval year:
1990
Classification of Tooeleite
4.JD.15
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
D : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; with additional anions, with H2O
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
J : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites; iodates
D : Arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites; with additional anions, with H2O
42.12.5.1
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
12 : (AB)4(XO4)3Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
12 : (AB)4(XO4)3Zq·xH2O
22.3.29
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
3 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with sulphates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Toe | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Toe | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Tooeleite
Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Orange
Streak:
Orange
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
One good normal to [001]
One good normal to [001]
Density:
4.23(8) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.16 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tooeleite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.940 nβ = 2.040 - 2.050 nγ = 2.050 - 2.060
2V:
Measured: 2° to 5°, Calculated: 32°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.110 - 0.120
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v slight
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Y = orange, Z = X = lemon yellow
Chemistry of Tooeleite
Mindat Formula:
Fe3+6(As3+O3)4(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
S
Crystallography of Tooeleite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C1 2/m 1
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.9575 Å, b = 6.4238 Å, c = 9.791 Å
β = 96.032°
β = 96.032°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.394 : 1 : 1.524
Unit Cell V:
560.27 ų
Z:
1
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0004271 | Tooeleite | Morin G, Rousse G, Elkaim E (2007) Crystal structure of tooeleite, Fe6(AsO3)4SO4(OH)4 * 4H2O, a new iron arsenite oxyhydroxysulfate mineral relevant of acid mine drainage American Mineralogist 92 193-197 |  | 2007 | Tooele County, Utah | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.725 Å | (10) |
| 4.476 Å | (4) |
| 3.208 Å | (9) |
| 3.047 Å | (5) |
| 2.680 Å | (4) |
| 2.153 Å | (4) |
| 1.604 Å | (4) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Tooeleite
General Appearance of Type Material:
elongate blades up to 10 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines, Paris.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
From the oxidized minerals in the dump of a skarn deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Tooeleite
Other Language Names for Tooeleite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.JD.05 | Nealite | Pb4Fe2+(As3+O3)2Cl4 · 2H2O |
| 4.JD.10 | Seelite | Mg(UO2)(As3+O3)0.7(AsO4)0.3 · 7H2O |
| 4.JD.20 | Prachařite | CaSb5+2(As3+2O5)2O2 · 10H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tooeleite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3995.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Tooeleite
Reference List:
Cesbron, Fabien P., Williams, Sidney A. (1992) Tooeleite, a new mineral from the U.S. Mine, Tooele County, Utah. Mineralogical Magazine, 56 (382) 71-73 doi:10.1180/minmag.1992.056.382.09
Cesbron, Fabien P., Williams, Sidney A. (1992) Tooeleite, a new mineral from the U.S. Mine, Tooele County, Utah. Mineralogical Magazine, 56 (382) 71-73 doi:10.1180/minmag.1992.056.382.09
Morin, Guillaume, Juillot, Farid, Casiot, Corinne, Bruneel, Odile, Personné, Jean-Christian, Elbaz-Poulichet, Françoise, Leblanc, Marc, Ildefonse, Philippe, Calas, Georges (2003) Bacterial Formation of Tooeleite and Mixed Arsenic(III) or Arsenic(V)−Iron(III) Gels in the Carnoulès Acid Mine Drainage, France. A XANES, XRD, and SEM Study. Environmental Science & Technology, 37 (9). 1705-1712 doi:10.1021/es025688p
Morin, G., Rousse, G., Elkaim, E. (2007) Crystal structure of tooeleite, Fe6(AsO3)4SO4(OH)4·4H2O, a new iron arsenite oxyhydroxy-sulfate mineral relevant to acid mine drainage. American Mineralogist, 92 (1) 193-197 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2361
Majzlan, Juraj, Dachs, Edgar, Benisek, Artur, Koch, Christian Bender, Bolanz, Ralph, Göttlicher, Jörg, Steininger, Ralph (2016) Thermodynamic properties of tooeleite, Fe63+(As3+O3)4(SO4)(OH)4·4H2O. Chemie der Erde - Geochemistry, 76 (3). 419-428 doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2016.05.001
Localities for Tooeleite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Peter Elliott (unpubl. analysis) +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Program and Abstracts Volume +2 other references |
Canada | |
| Walker et al. (2009) |
France | |
| Morin (2003) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Schnorrer (1993) |
| Desor (05/2020) |
Greece | |
| Möckel (2001) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
Italy | |
| Jansen et al. (1998) |
Romania | |
| Januszewska et al. (2023) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
| MineralUp (Revista de Minerales) +1 other reference |
| Rewitzer et al. (2018) |
Switzerland | |
| Meisser et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
USA (TL) | |
| Cesbron et al. (1992) |
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U.S. Mine, Gold Hill, Gold Hill Mining District, Tooele County, Utah, USA