Millerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Richard Eddy
About Millerite
Formula:
NiS
Colour:
Pale brass-yellow, with an iridescent tarnish, and greenish-grey.
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
5.3 - 5.5
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named by Wilhelm Haidinger in 1845 in honor of William Hallowes Miller [April 6, 1801, Velindre, Wales, UK - May 20, 1880, Cambridge, England, UK], professor at the University of Cambridge, who first studied the crystals. He wrote 'A Treatise on Crystallography'. Miller indices are also named after him.
Dimorph of:
Commonly found as radiating and jackstraw clusters of shiny metallic acicular crystals, pale brass-yellow with an iridescent tarnish.
Compare 'UM1989-25-S:FeNi' - a representative of the Fe1-xS-Ni1-xS (Mss) solid solution; and also crowningshieldite.
Also compare UM2008-46-S:CuIrNiOs.
Compare 'UM1989-25-S:FeNi' - a representative of the Fe1-xS-Ni1-xS (Mss) solid solution; and also crowningshieldite.
Also compare UM2008-46-S:CuIrNiOs.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2711
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2711:9
IMA Classification of Millerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1845
Classification of Millerite
2.CC.20
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
Dana 7th ed.:
2.8.16.1
2.8.16.1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.11.3
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mlr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Mlr | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Mlr | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Millerite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Millerite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Pale brass-yellow, with an iridescent tarnish, and greenish-grey.
Streak:
Greenish black
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=179 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {1011} and {0112}.
Perfect on {1011} and {0112}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.3 - 5.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.374 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Millerite
Anisotropism:
Strong
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 26.4% | 30.0% |
| 420nm | 29.8% | 34.0% |
| 440nm | 35.6% | 38.8% |
| 460nm | 41.0% | 42.1% |
| 480nm | 45.1% | 44.8% |
| 500nm | 48.4% | 46.9% |
| 520nm | 51.5% | 48.4% |
| 540nm | 53.9% | 49.8% |
| 560nm | 55.5% | 50.8% |
| 580nm | 57.0% | 51.8% |
| 600nm | 58.3% | 51.6% |
| 620nm | 59.2% | 53.3% |
| 640nm | 59.9% | 53.8% |
| 660nm | 60.4% | 54.2% |
| 680nm | 60.5% | 54.4% |
| 700nm | 60.5% | 54.3% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 60.5%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Weak in air stronger in oil
Pale yellow-brown to bright yellow
Pale yellow-brown to bright yellow
Chemistry of Millerite
Mindat Formula:
NiS
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Co,Cu
Crystallography of Millerite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.607 Å, c = 3.143 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.327
Unit Cell V:
251.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
9
Morphology:
Acicular crystals in radiating or jackstraw clusters; also massive.
Twinning:
None reported.
Crystallographic forms of Millerite
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005097 | Millerite | Grice J D, Ferguson R B (1974) Crystal structure refinement of millerite (B-NiS) The Canadian Mineralogist 12 248-252 | ![]() | 1974 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005098 | Millerite | Rajamani V, Prewitt C T (1974) The crystal structure of millerite The Canadian Mineralogist 12 253-257 | ![]() | 1974 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017358 | Millerite | Alsen N (1925) Roentgenographische Untersuchungen der Kristallstrukturen von Magnetkies, Breithauptit, Pentlandit, Millerit und verwandten Verbindungen _cod_database_code 1010435 Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar 47 19-73 | 1925 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017942 | Millerite | Alsen N (1925) Roentgenographische Untersuchungen der Kristallstrukturen von Magnetkies, Breithauptit, Pentlandit, Millerit und verwandten Verbindungen _cod_database_code 1011038 Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar 47 19-73 | 1925 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.81 Å | (60) |
| 2.95 Å | (40) |
| 2.78 Å | (100) |
| 2.51 Å | (70) |
| 2.23 Å | (60) |
| 1.86 Å | (90) |
| 1.82 Å | (50) |
| 1.74 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45) | |
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
| 13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
| 15 : Black/white smoker minerals and other seafloor hydrothermal minerals | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
| 37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 38 : Ophiolites | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
Geological Setting:
A low-temperature mineral which occurs in sulfidic limestones and dolostones, and as a late-forming mineral in nickel sulfide deposits.
Type Occurrence of Millerite
Synonyms of Millerite
Other Language Names for Millerite
Basque:Millerita
Dutch:Milleriet
Finnish:Milleriitti
Italian:Millerite
Polish:Milleryt
Russian:Миллерит
Spanish:Millerita
Trichopyrita
Trichopyrita
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 261 photos of Millerite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 236 photos of Millerite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 211 photos of Millerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 135 photos of Millerite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 123 photos of Millerite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 96 photos of Millerite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 91 photos of Millerite associated with Polydymite | Ni2+Ni3+2S4 |
| 73 photos of Millerite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 73 photos of Millerite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| 72 photos of Millerite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.CC. | Eliopoulosite | V7S8 |
| 2.CC. | Tilkerodeite | Pd2HgSe3 |
| 2.CC. | UM2007-26-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ir,Cu,Ni,Pt,Rh,Fe)9S11 |
| 2.CC. | Proxitwelvefoldite | Pd3Ni4Te8 |
| 2.CC. | Ferrotorryweiserite | Rh5Fe10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Tamuraite | Ir5Fe10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Crowningshieldite | (Ni0.9Fe0.1)S |
| 2.CC. | Kuvaevite | Ir5Ni10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Torryweiserite | Rh5Ni10S16 |
| 2.CC.05 | Achávalite | FeSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Langisite | CoAs |
| 2.CC.05 | Sederholmite | NiSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Freboldite | CoSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Nickeline | NiAs |
| 2.CC.05 | Sobolevskite | PdBi |
| 2.CC.05 | Jaipurite | CoS |
| 2.CC.05 | Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4) |
| 2.CC.05 | Zlatogorite | NiCuSb2 |
| 2.CC.05 | Stumpflite | PtSb |
| 2.CC.05 | Sudburyite | PdSb |
| 2.CC.05 | Breithauptite | NiSb |
| 2.CC.10 | Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| 2.CC.10 | Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
| 2.CC.10 | Troilite | FeS |
| 2.CC.15 | Ruthenarsenite | (Ru,Ni)As |
| 2.CC.15 | Westerveldite | (Fe,Ni,Co)As |
| 2.CC.15 | Modderite | CoAs |
| 2.CC.15 | Minakawaite | RhSb |
| 2.CC.15 | Cherepanovite | RhAs |
| 2.CC.20 | UM1990-38-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh | (Ni,Fe,Rh,Cu,Ir,Pt)S |
| 2.CC.20 | Mäkinenite | NiSe |
| 2.CC.25 | Mackinawite | FeS |
| 2.CC.30 | Vavřínite | Ni2SbTe2 |
| 2.CC.30 | Hexatestibiopanickelite | (Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te) ? |
| 2.CC.35b | Cooperite | PtS |
| 2.CC.35a | Vysotskite | PdS |
| 2.CC.35a | Braggite | PdPt3S4 |
| 2.CC.45 | Jacutingaite | Pt2HgSe3 |
| 2.CC.50 | Imgreite | NiTe (?) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Millerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2711.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Millerite
Reference List:
Lohest, M. (1902) Présentation de millérite. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, 29, B142.
Heyl, A. V., Milton, C., Axelrod, J. M. (1959) Nickel minerals from near Linden, Iowa Co., Wisconsin. American Mineralogist, 44 (9-10) 995-1009
Nesbitt, H.W., Schaufuss, A.G., Scaini, M., Bancroft, G.M., Szargan, R. (2001) XPS measurement of fivefold and sixfold coordinated sulfur in pyrrhotites and evidence for millerite and pyrrhotite surface species. American Mineralogist, 86 (3) 318-326 doi:10.2138/am-2001-2-315
Ondruš, P., Veselovský, F., Gabašová, A., Hloušek, J., Šrein, V., Vavřín, I., Skála, R., Sejkora, J., Drábek, M. (2003) Primary minerals of the Jáchymov ore district. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 48 (3-4) 19-147
Gibbs, G. V., Downs, R. T., Prewitt, C. T., Rosso, K. M., Ross, N. L., Cox, D. F. (2005) Electron Density Distributions Calculated for the Nickel Sulfides Millerite, Vaesite, and Heazlewoodite and Nickel Metal: A Case for the Importance of Ni−Ni Bond Paths for Electron Transport. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109 (46). 21788-21795 doi:10.1021/jp054109a
Localities for Millerite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Albania | |
| Çina (2010) |
Antarctica | |
| Andronikov et al. (2021) |
| Egorova et al. (2015) |
| Weisberg et al. (1997) |
Argentina | |
| Zappettini et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Paar et al. (2016) | |
| Las Especies Minerales de La Republica ... |
| Brodtkorb (1963) +1 other reference |
| de Brodtkorb (1973) |
| Tassara et al. (2017) |
Armenia | |
| Bowell et al. (2021) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Firstova et al. (2016) |
| Ciazela et al. (2018) | |
| Bortnikov et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Sharkov et al. (2007) |
Australia | |
| Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets |
| Ashley (1975) |
| Worner et al. (et al) |
| |
| Brearley et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill & Taheri |
| Bottrill et al. (2002) |
| Bottrill |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Ralph Bottrill collection | |
| Bottrill & Baker +1 other reference | |
| Brown et al. (1988) |
| G.W.Cochrane 1982. Copper |
| A. R. Seymon |
| A. R. Seymon |
| Bussat (1980) |
| Marshall (2001) |
| Marshall (2000) | |
| Naldrett (2004) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Ostwald (1978) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Simon (2019) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Russell (2024) | |
| Bath et al. (2013) | |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| |
| www.mincor.com.au (2006) | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Nickel +3 other references |
| Mina et al. (2024) |
| Marston (1984) +3 other references |
| Marston (1984) |
| Hollis et al. (2021) |
| Gray et al. (1996) |
| Butt (2003) | |
| Butt (2003) | |
| Butt (2003) | |
| J. Just and C.E. Feather | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Craig Basel collection | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| October 1981 +3 other references |
| Marston (1984) |
| Salama et al. (2025) |
| Salama et al. (2025) | |
| Salama et al. (2025) | |
| Ben Grguric | |
| Athena Resources |
| Grguric et al. (2018) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Disseminated and Massive Nickel ... +2 other references |
| Gole et al. (2000) | |
| Marston (1984) +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Chris Auer |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Puttner (1994) |
| Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Walter et al. (2025) |
| Mörtl (1985) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Meixner (1958) +1 other reference |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (2000) +1 other reference |
| Christian Auer collection |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Paar +4 other references |
| Steinwender et al. (2012) |
| Strasser (2010) |
| Exel (1993) +2 other references |
| Kolitsch (2023) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Leblhuber (2000) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Unger (1969) +1 other reference |
| Landesmuseum Joanneum (Graz, Styria) +1 other reference |
| Postl (1985) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2008) |
| Chris Auer |
| Redlich et al. (1923) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Brigitte und Gerhard Kaller specimen |
| Libowitzky et al. (2018) |
| Alker (1972) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| www.markasit070752.ws24.cc (n.d.) |
| Ebner et al. (2001) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Meixner (1959) |
| Haditsch (1964) |
| Postl et al. (2011) |
| Postl et al. (1996) |
| Taucher (1989) |
| Vohryzka (1968) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Kolitsch (2017) | |
Belgium | |
| Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Leon Hupperichs collection +1 other reference |
| Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Joris Coron Collection +1 other reference |
| Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference | |
| Jans (1970) +2 other references |
| Firket (1877) +3 other references |
| Lohest (1902) +1 other reference |
| Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Royal Ontario Museum specimen | |
| Royal Ontario Museum specimen |
Botswana | |
| Melgarejo et al. (2011) |
Brazil | |
| Prichard et al. (2001) |
| Garuti et al. (2007) |
| Garuti et al. (2012) |
| Kaminsky et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Kaminsky et al. (2015) | |
| Traversa et al. (2001) |
| Traversa et al. (2001) | |
| NetunoVillas et al. (2001) |
| Garcia et al. (2020) |
| Monteiro et al. (2008) |
| Monteiro et al. (2008) | |
| Monteiro et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| NetunoVillas et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Mansur et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Dutra et al. (2025) | |
| Dutra et al. (2025) | |
| Dutra et al. (2025) | |
Bulgaria | |
| Nedialkov (2008) |
| Kerestedjian et al. (2007) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Kalaidjiev et al. (2009) |
| Lips (2006) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| personal correspondence with Giles ... |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Vos et al. (2007) |
| Jackson-Brown et al. (2014) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Seiler et al. (2023) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Nixon et al. (1990) |
| Theyer (2000) |
| Coats et al. (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Cindy Hasler | |
| Olivo et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Menard et al. (1996) | |
| Canadian Rockhound: 5 (1) |
| - (2022) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 45 +1 other reference |
| Huminicki et al. (2008) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Edwards (1990) |
| Blackadar (1981) |
| Badham et al. (1980) | |
| Badham et al. (1980) | |
| Badham et al. (1980) | |
| an example of volcanic-type ... +1 other reference |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Starfire Minerals Inc. Press release |
| Mielke (n.d.) |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| Ames et al. (2003) | |
| Péntek et al. (2013) |
| White (2012) | |
| Ford et al. (2011) |
| Short et al. (1930) +1 other reference |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| Richard Gunter specimen +1 other reference |
| Ames et al. (2003) | |
| Hoffman et al. (1979) | |
| Ames et al. (2003) | |
| MacMillan (2014) | |
| Grzegorz Słowik collection | |
| Hawley et al. (1962) | |
| Ames et al. (2003) | |
| Aksel Österlöf collection (found 1981) +1 other reference | |
| Nelles (2014) | |
| A. R. Graham et al. (1964) +6 other references | |
| Springer (1989) | |
| Schandl (2004) |
| B.O.Dressler +1 other reference |
| Ames et al. (2003) | |
| Ames et al. (2003) | |
| Willet Miller (1905) +2 other references |
| Hawley et al. (1962) | |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| Ames et al. (2003) | |
| Econ Geol (1986) +3 other references |
| Canadian Mineralogist 45 |
| Ames et al. (2007) +5 other references |
| Péntek et al. (2013) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:2 pp94-99 |
| Can Mineral 1984 22: 13-21 |
| Reiner Mielke 2014 |
| Cabri et al. (1973) +2 other references |
| 157-158. +1 other reference |
| Pan et al. (1989) |
| Mulja & Mitchell (1990) | |
| Ames et al. (2017) | |
| R.J. Traill 1983 |
| Cabri et al. (1979) +1 other reference |
| Canadian Mineralogist et al. (1984) +1 other reference | |
| N.T. Pettigrew and K.H. Hattori | |
| Wilson et al. (2013) |
| Mulja et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Naldrett A J et al. (1972) |
| 159-161. +1 other reference |
| David K.Joyce |
| Sabina +1 other reference |
| Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1974) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| 1 October 1971 +4 other references |
| Mineral Record (1976) | |
| Staveley (1976) | |
| Taner et al. (1998) |
| Fredric Schuster |
| Corrivaux et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1992) +1 other reference |
| Peacock (1940) +1 other reference |
| Am Min 51:677-684 |
| Horváth et al. (1990) |
| Horváth collection |
| www.balmoralresources.com (2015) |
| McMillan (1973) |
| BOIVIN (1985) | |
| Maurice et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Watkinson et al. (1975) | |
| MacFarlane et al. (1981) |
| Yukon Geological Survey |
| Harris et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Papezik (1955) |
Chile | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2016) |
| Galdames et al. (2010) | |
China | |
| Maozhong Min (1985) |
| Kefen Yue et al. (2005) |
| Ruiqi Wang (1977) +4 other references |
| Min (1995) |
| Jinbang Wang (1988) |
| Fenghua Zhao et al. (2005) |
| Tang et al. (2024) |
| Jun Xu (1987) |
| Jun Xu (1987) | |
| Jun Xu (1987) | |
| Maozhong Min and Junqi Wu (1992) |
| Coveney et al. (1993) +4 other references |
| Nansheng Chen (1996) | |
| Hongyang Li et al. (2000) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Min et al. (1997) |
| Wallis (2006) |
| Youbin Liang (1981) |
| Chen Keqiao et al. (1981) | |
| Yuan et al. (2025) |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) |
| Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000) |
| Singer et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Tian et al. (2024) |
| Keevil et al. (2022) |
| Shuhuan Hou and Jianjun Jiang (2005) |
| Zicheng Chen (1991) |
| Han Zhong et al. (1981) | |
| USGS Open-File Report 03-220 |
| Xiaohui Zhang et al. (2005) |
| Yongbao Gao et al. (2012) |
| Wang et al. (2024) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Jingwen Mao et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| Zhongxiao Zhao et al. (2012) |
| Runsheng Han et al. (2000) |
| Zuzhi Lei et al. (1988) +3 other references |
| Zhang et al. (2021) |
| Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) |
| Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006) | |
| pubs.usgs.gov (2006) | |
| Xiaoqiang Hu et al. (2001) |
| Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977) |
| Li Chaoyang (1996) |
| Chengjiang Zhang and Youliang Chen (2010) |
| |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Fang et al. (2024) |
| Liu et al. (2024) |
| Yijun Lei et al. (2006) |
| Guo et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Wenji Bai et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Jingwen Mao et al. (2007) |
| Guofan Liu et al. (2005) | |
| Zhuangzhi Qian et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Yan Sun et al. (2009) +1 other reference | |
| Yang et al. (2018) | |
| Dai et al. (2015) |
| Zhou et al. (2001) +3 other references |
| Yan Tao et al. (2007) |
| Board et al. (2007) |
| Kaiji Yu (1981) +5 other references |
| Li et al. (2018) +2 other references |
| Nansheng Chen (1996) |
| Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) |
| Nansheng Chen (1996) |
| Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) |
| Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005) | |
Croatia | |
| Šoštarić (2009) |
Cuba | |
| Gevilla et al. (2005) |
| Gevilla et al. (2005) |
| Pujol-Solà et al. (2018) |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Gevilla et al. (2005) | |
Czech Republic | |
| Žáček et al. (1995) |
| Šarf J.: Nové nálezy v kladenských ... |
| Šarf J.: Nové nálezy v kladenských ... |
| Christophe Boutry collection |
| Řídkošil | |
| Žáček | |
| Pažout et al. (2017) |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 |
| Plášil J. et al. (černojamské ložisko) +1 other reference |
| Sejkora et al. (2023) | |
| Can Min 12 (1974) |
| Pauliš et al. (2007) |
| Ivo Vašina photo & specimen +1 other reference | |
| Pauliš et al. (2007) |
| Jirásek et al. (2012) |
| Dolníček et al. (2019) |
| Horylová |
| Prachař +6 other references |
| Chlupáč (1988) |
| Fojt B. |
| Houzar et al. (Část 1. Historie dolování a mineralogie) |
| |
| Hyrsl et al. (2009) | |
| |
| Hoffman |
Dominican Republic | |
| Farré-de-Pablo et al. (2020) |
DR Congo | |
| Gauthier et al. (1989) |
East Timor | |
| Angela Lay et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Egypt | |
| Zoheir et al. (2024) |
| Sharara et al. (1999) | |
Ethiopia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
Finland | |
| Stanislav S. Gornostayev (2000) |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference | |
| Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1663-1686. +1 other reference |
| Andersen et al. (2006) |
| Iljina (1994) | |
| Iljina (1994) | |
| Mutanen |
| Törmänen et al. (eds.) +3 other references |
| 33 IGC excursion No 15 +2 other references |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... | |
| Pelayo Barrón Francisco (2020) |
| Vuorelainen |
| Karinen |
| Jupperi Aarre 1997. The magnetite ... |
| Papunen |
| Hänninen (1978) |
| Virtasalmi-Copper Database. Geological Survey of Finland (2009) |
France | |
| Ducluzaux (2022) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites ... +1 other reference |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Pélisson (1989) | |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Belot (1978) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Azias (1968) |
| Azias (1968) |
| Azias (1968) |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Azias (1968) |
| H. Azais et al. |
| Azias (1968) |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Azias (1968) |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Azias (1968) | |
| Hohl (1994) +1 other reference |
| Hohl (1994) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Roger Lang |
| Ramdohr (1967) |
| Cedrick Gineste |
| A. Lacroix (1897) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| |
| |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
| |
| Agrinier et al. (1972) |
| Berbain et al. (2007) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Lips (2006) |
| R. Pierrot |
Germany | |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| Kopp et al. (2012) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dr. Günter Grundmann collection | |
| in the collection of Joachim Esche |
| Weiß (1990) |
| 70. +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Krah et al. (1988) | |
| Aufschluss 73 (7+8) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Mücke et al. (1993) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Baumgärtl (2014) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Haas (n.d.) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Höhle (2004) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Penkert et al. (2018) |
| PMB collection +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| K. Krause Collection | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Jahn et al. (2009) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Golze et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Golze +3 other references | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Henrich et al. (2003) |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2025) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| www.minister-achenbach.de (2012) |
| Maas (1977) |
| Andreas Brand specimen |
| Maas (1977) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| |
| Ingendahl (2016) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Haas (n.d.) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| collection Leon Hupperichs |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Emser Hefte 79/2 |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Coll. R. Lang |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Heinrich et al. (2006) |
| Emser Hefte 1980 (3) |
| Emser Hefte 1990 (1) |
| Golze +3 other references | |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference | |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Natural History Museum Vienna collection (catalogued in 1942) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dana 6:1039 +2 other references |
| https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=56202 |
| Heidtke (2001) |
| Noll (1984) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Specimen in the collection of CD ... |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Thomas Kleser Collection |
| in the collection of Joachim Esche |
| Mueller () |
| |
| Own finds +1 other reference |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| Thomas Kleser Collection |
| in the collection of Joachim Esche |
| www.mindat.org (2017) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Lapis 2003 (2) |
| Siemroth et al. (1999) |
| S.Jahn +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Nickerl et al. (2000) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| collection T. Witzke |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
| Massanek et al. (2005) | |
| Massanek et al. (2005) | |
| Haake et al. (1994) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Frenzel (1874) | |
| Tröger (2012) |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| H.Vollstädt: Einheimische Minerale | |
| A.Dietrich (2004) |
Ghana | |
| Mücke et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2018) |
| Rieck et al. (2018) | |
| Rieck (n.d.) |
| Uwe Kolitsch unpublished SEM-EDS ... |
| Blaß et al. (1998) |
| Hanke (1998) |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Branko Rieck collection (EDS and SXRD analyses) |
| Zaccarini et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Frank Keutsch analyses |
| Michailidis (1990) |
| Michailidis (1990) | |
| Michailidis (1990) | |
| Marcopoulos et al. (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Tsikouras et al. (2006) | |
| Φωτιάδης (2010) |
| Economou-Eliopoulos et al. (2019) |
| Kanellopoulos et al. (2024) |
| Kapsiotis (2013) |
| Garuti et al. (1997) |
Greenland | |
| van Acken et al. (2014) |
| Arnason et al. (1997) |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
| Bishop et al. (1980) | |
Guinea | |
| Augé et al. (2018) |
Hungary | |
| SZAKÁLL et al. (2003) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) | |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Koch (1985) |
| Szakáll & Gatter: Hungarian Mineral ... |
India | |
| González-Jiménez +4 other references |
| Afifi et al. (1988) |
| Changkakoti et al. (1987) +2 other references |
| Basu et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Devaraju et al. (2014, January) +1 other reference |
| Dora et al. (2014) |
| Vaish et al. (2013) |
| Raju et al. (2007) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 40:277-309 |
| Augé et al. (2002, July) | |
| Mondal et al. (1997) | |
Indonesia | |
| Idrus et al. (2022) |
Iran | |
| Bagheri |
| Baccolo et al. (2019) | |
Ireland | |
| de Haller +1 other reference |
| Moreton et al. (1992) |
| Frenzel et al. (2025) |
Israel | |
| Galuskina et al. (2025) |
Italy | |
| Belkin et al. (2024) |
| Russo et al. (2004) | |
| Pelloux (1927) +1 other reference | |
| G.Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Dalrio (1980) +1 other reference |
| Calanchi et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Montrasio et al. (1996) |
| Bombicci (1871) +6 other references | |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| De Michele (1974) |
| calanchi (1979) +2 other references | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| Personally collected from founder of ... +1 other reference | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Borghi et al. (1996) |
| Borghi et al. (1997) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Morandi et al. (1973) +3 other references |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| www.mineralimodenesi.it (2016) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| www.fis.unipr.it (2000) |
| Adorni F. (1989) | |
| Roberto Bosi specimens | |
| Adorni F. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Adorni F. et al. (2005) |
| Baldizzone (2008) |
| G. Baldizzone 2008 - I Minerali del ... |
| M. Esposito |
| Baldizzone (2008) |
| I minerali di varie ofioliti attorno a Villa Minozzo (RE) |
| Antofilli et al. (1985) |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) | |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) | |
| Analyses of Anthony Kampf of Natural ... +1 other reference |
| Moroni et al. (2019) |
| Passarino (2020) |
| Carmagnola et al. (2019) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè (2011) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Prete (1995) |
| Callegari et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| The Canadian Mineralogist | |
| Boscardin et al. (2013) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Moroni et al. (2019) | |
| Bombicci (1877) +3 other references | |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| D'Achiardi (1896) +2 other references | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| - (n.d.) +2 other references | |
| Brizzi et al. (1994) | |
| G.Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara P. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Traverso (1898) +1 other reference |
| Lecca et al. (2022) |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Manuella (2011) +1 other reference |
| Betts (n.d.) | |
| AGMT (Associazione Geomineralogica Toscana) |
| AGMT (Associazione Geomineralogica Toscana) | |
| Bonifazi Marco specimen and photo. +2 other references |
| Marco Bonifazi collection +1 other reference | |
| Nannoni et al. (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Bonifazi (2020) +1 other reference | |
| Bonifazi (2020) +1 other reference | |
| Marinai V. et al. (Livorno) |
| Bonifazi (2020) | |
| Giuliano bettini collection +1 other reference | |
| Silvana Cosmi Collection |
| Sammartino (2014) | |
| Biagioni et al. (2008) |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Biagioni C. et al. (2019) | |
| Biagioni (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| Betti et al. (2017) |
| Bonechi M. |
| Batacchi et al. (2015) | |
| Orlandi (2005) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1996) |
| Sabelli et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Dini (2017) |
| Nimis et al. (2011) |
Japan | |
| Arai +4 other references |
| 上原誠一郎. (1987) |
| Hori +1 other reference |
| FUKUOKA et al. (1977) |
| Journal of the Faculty of Science et al. (2) |
| Ishiyama (1982) |
| Journal of the Faculty of Science et al. (2) +1 other reference |
| Yoshihide Shiga (1983) |
| Yoshihide Shiga (2009) |
| Go Ito |
| Hiroaki Tano |
Jordan | |
| Fleurance et al. (2013) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Prokopyev et al. (2010) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019 +2 other references |
| Melcher et al. (1999) | |
| Saveliev et al. (2023) |
| Saveliev et al. (2023) | |
| |
| Stepanets et al. (2018) |
Kosovo | |
| Kluza et al. (2024) |
| Mederski et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Kluza et al. (2024) |
Mali | |
| Masurel et al. (2017) |
| Lawrence et al. (2013) |
Mauritania | |
| Berger et al. (2013) |
Mexico | |
| American Mineralogist 28:257-271 +1 other reference |
Mongolia | |
| Borisenko et al. (1999) |
Morocco | |
| Lhou et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| JP Barral collection |
Namibia | |
| Drüppel et al. (2006) |
| Drüppel +2 other references | |
| von Seckendorff et al. (2000) |
| Gebhard (1999) |
Netherlands | |
| |
| T.G. Nijland | |
| T.G. Nijland | |
| Maas (1977) |
| found by Frank de Wit |
| T.G. Nijland |
New Zealand | |
| Tim Saunderson collection |
North Macedonia | |
| Đorđević et al. (2017) |
| Vujanović (1958) | |
| Spasovski et al. (2009) |
| Spasovski et al. (2009) | |
Norway | |
| Bjørlykke (1940) |
| Ihlen (1978) |
| Ihlen (1978) |
| Added by Stuart Mills 16-11-2002 |
| Pedersen (1976) |
| Rekstad (1913) |
| Tomas Husdal - collection +1 other reference |
| Kristiansen (2022) |
| Krause et al. (1975) |
| Gierth et al. (1973) +1 other reference | |
| Cook et al. (2008) |
| Brickwood (1986) |
| Nordrum (2000) +1 other reference |
| Nordrum et al. (1981) |
| Ohnmacht (1974) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Strand (1975) |
| Pryadunenko et al. (2015) |
| Porter (2014) |
| Pinet et al. (1985) |
Oman | |
| Ahmed et al. (2003) |
| The Meteoritical Bulletin 84 (Aug.2000) |
Pakistan | |
| Miller et al. (1991) |
Peru | |
| Tassinari et al. (2011) |
| Kobe (1990) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Wojtulek et al. (2016) |
| Paulo A. 1970: Minerały niklu i bizmutu w żyłach kruszcowych okolicy Chełmca (Góry Kaczawskie, Dolny Śląsk) |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Andrzejewski K. (1993) |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Eligiusz Szełęg private collection |
| Andrzejewski K. (1993) | |
| Wojciech Czapliński |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Delura K. 2005: Magnetite-nickel sulphides-awaruite association in serpentinites from Braszowice-Brzeźnica massif (Sudetic ophiolite, SW Poland) |
| Wojtulek et al. (2016) |
| Sadłowska (2014) |
| Karwowski Ł. & Gurdziei A. 2008: ... |
| Nejbert K. 2008: Mineralogy of ... |
| Morgan et al. (2000) | |
| Nejbert K. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Kozlowski A & Wiszniewska J: (2001) | |
| Morgan et al. (2000) | |
| Elek Szełęg collection |
Portugal | |
| Dep Ciencias Terra FCT Universidade ... |
| Dias et al. (2006) |
Romania | |
| www.researchgate.net (n.d.) |
| Cook et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| Szakáll |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) |
| Ilinca (2012) |
| Collected by Gábor Sánta in 2013 & ... |
| Ilinca (2012) | |
| Ilinca (2012) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) | |
| HÎRTOPANU et al. (2025) |
Russia | |
| Pekov I.V. et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Kepezhinskas et al. (2023) +2 other references |
| Melekestseva (2005) |
| Garuti et al. (2021) |
| Zabotina M et al. (2014) |
| Zaccarini et al. (2004) | |
| Saveliev et al. (2018) | |
| Kiseleva +3 other references |
| Damdinov et al. (2022) | |
| Murzin et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Popov et al. (2022) | |
| Belogub et al. (2015) |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| Zaykov et al. (2017) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
| Ashchepkov +8 other references |
| Keren Tan (1998) +3 other references |
| Gurbanov et al. (2008) |
| |
| Sidorov et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Stepanov et al. (2021) |
| Yakich et al. (2020) |
| Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
| Genkin et al. (1986) +2 other references |
| Krivolutskaya et al. (2011) | |
| Gritsenko et al. (2008) |
| Sluzhenikin et al. (2015) | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Pekov (1998) | |
| Marfin +8 other references | |
| Dai et al. (2022) |
| Skublov et al. (2007) |
| Eilu (2003) +1 other reference |
| Goryachev et al. (2014) | |
| Groshev +6 other references |
| Groshev +6 other references | |
| Ivanov et al. (2020, July) | |
| Vymazalová et al. (2021) | |
| Groshev et al. (2019) | |
| Barkov et al. (2004) |
| |
| Orsoev et al. (1985) | |
| ... | |
| Voytekhovskiy et al. (2008) |
| Yury L. Voytekhovsky (2008) | |
| Chashchin et al. (2021) | |
| Grokhovskaya et al. (2003) |
| - (2014) | |
| Chistyakova S et al. (2014) | |
| 33 IGC excursion No 48 +1 other reference | |
| Rudashevskii N S et al. (1982) |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
| Bazai et al. (2009) | |
| Abzalov et al. (1997) |
| Barkov et al. (2017) |
| Chashchin et al. (2013) | |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2019) |
| Mikhailov (2000) |
| Пономарев et al. (2024) |
| |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Kazachenko et al. (2006, July) | |
| Grishaenko et al. (2007) |
| Barkov et al. (1993) +3 other references |
| Barkov et al. (2001) +2 other references | |
| Ashchepkov et al. (2021) |
| Sharygin (2020) |
| Grigor’eva et al. (2018) |
| Антонов (2003) |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) |
| Koroteev et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| Sharygin et al. (2022) |
| Kozlov et al. (2011) |
| Мурзин et al. (2020) |
| RRUFF specimen ID: R070379 |
| Murzin et al. (1999) |
| Mikhailov (2000) +1 other reference |
| Murzin et al. (1999) |
| Garuti et al. (2003) |
| Gurskaya (2002) +1 other reference | |
| Леснов Ф.П. |
| Palyanova et al. (2018) |
| Shmelev V.R. et al. (2014) |
| Gongalsky et al. (2007) |
| Gongalsky et al. (2007) | |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Prichard et al. (2008) |
Senegal | |
| Lambert-Smith et al. (2020) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Ferenc et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Števko et al. (2022) |
| Myšľan et al. (2024) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Juraj Majzlan et al. (2021) | |
| Háber et al. (Dankova, SGR Mnts) | |
| Števko et al. (2020) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Ďuďa et al. (1996) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Ďuďa R. |
| Kaličiak |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Duda et. all. |
| Ďuďa |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
South Africa | |
| Tischler et al. (1981) |
| Hughes et al. (202) |
| Maier et al. (2023) |
| McCreesh et al. (2018) |
| McCreesh et al. (2018) | |
| Heinrich (1970) +1 other reference |
| Du Plessis (2019) | |
| Reeks (1996) |
| McCall (2016) |
| Kottke-Levin (2011) | |
| - (2014) +1 other reference | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Ndhlovu (2017) |
| Holwell et al. (2007) |
| Armitage et al. (2002) +2 other references | |
| Canham et al. (2025) |
| Sutherland et al. (2013) | |
| Manyeruke (2007) | |
| McCutcheon (2013) | |
| McCall (2016) |
| Cairncross et al. (1992) |
| de Waal (1969) +3 other references | |
| Gauert et al. (2021) |
| Dzvinamurungu +6 other references | |
| Dzvinamurungu (2012) +1 other reference |
| Andreoli et al. (1997) +4 other references |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| Gutzmer et al. (2003) |
| Baugaard et al. (2025) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
South Korea | |
| Song et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Song et al. (1995) | |
Spain | |
| historical reports |
| Mendoza et al. (2006) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2003) |
| Calvo (2003) |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Oen et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
| Gervilla et al. (1990) |
| Gervilla et al. (1990) | |
| Gervilla et al. (2002) | |
| Oen et al. (1980) |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Saupe (1990) |
| Fabre (n.d.) | |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2019) |
| Johnson +2 other references |
| Econ Geol (1992) |
| Joan Rosell | |
| López et al. (1990) |
| Aufschluss 1974 (4) | |
| Joan Abella i Creus |
| Monterrubio et al. (1990) |
| Monterrubio et al. (1990) | |
| Martin-Izard et al. (1995) |
Sweden | |
| |
| |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
Tanzania | |
| Wilhelmij et al. (2016) +2 other references |
| Harrison et al. (2014) |
| Evans et al. (2012) |
| Hassan et al. (2024) +1 other reference |
Turkey | |
| Akbulut et al. (2010) |
| Page et al. (1984) |
| Bulletin of the Mineral Research and ... | |
| Uysal +5 other references |
| Uysal +5 other references | |
| Yahya Ciftci (2001) |
| Uysal (2008) |
| Xiong et al. (2022) |
| Uysal et al. (2009) |
UK | |
| Lapis 11 (2) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Tony Aldworth collection |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Hall (1868) +2 other references |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Rust (1996) |
| Phillips (1823) +2 other references |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Brian Young (2011) |
| Brian Young (2011) |
| Brian Young (2011) | |
| Brian Young (2011) |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| Green et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
| NHM London & S. Rust Collection. | |
| Fisher (2009) |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Andrew Lawton Collection |
| Ford et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Rutley (1902) |
| Rutley (1902) | |
| Ixer et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Ford (2000) | |
| Day (1999) |
| Livingstone et al. (1976) |
| Graham et al. (2017) |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| |
| 5th International Platinum Symposium ... +1 other reference | |
| |
| Hall (1868) |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| |
| Ian Jones collection. Aragonite ... |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Sorrell (n.d.) | |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Marcasite in National Museum of Wales ... |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Natural History Museum [London] specimen |
| Day (1999) |
| Rust et al. (1988) | |
| Day (1999) | |
| Day (1999) |
| S.Rust Collection |
| Day (1999) | |
| National Museum of Wales database |
| Ixer et al. (1996) |
| |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Day (1999) |
| |
| |
| |
| Chamosite confirmed by XRD at the ... |
| National Museum of Wales collection | |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Ian Jones collection |
| |
| |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Ian Jones or national Museum of Wales ... |
Ukraine | |
| Gornostayev et al. (2002) |
| Tischenko Alexander |
| [World of Stones 12:20] |
| Bobrov et al. (2006, August) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004) |
| - (2008) |
| Mahaffey (2021) |
| Van Gosen et al. (2025) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:106. |
| Arkansas Geological Commission | |
| Rocks & Minerals (1988) |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Howard (2007) | |
| www.mineralsocal.org (1999) |
| Committee et al. (1989) |
| Jackson et al. (1886) +2 other references | |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| Murdoch (1966) | |
| Yates (1946) +4 other references |
| Pelletier | |
| Bowen et al. (1957) +2 other references |
| Econ Geol (1987) |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Yates (1946) +1 other reference |
| Becker (1888b) +4 other references |
| Eakle (1914) +1 other reference | |
| Becker (1888b) +3 other references |
| Becker (1888b) +2 other references |
| Hanks (1884) +1 other reference |
| Crawford (1894) +1 other reference |
| Dunning et al. (2005) |
| Learned (1962) +3 other references |
| Schlocker (1974) +2 other references |
| Woodhouse (1957a) +3 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) +1 other reference | |
| Bailey (1964) +2 other references |
| Henderson (1969) +2 other references |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
| Weir +1 other reference |
| Leicht et al. (1994) |
| Tucker (1932) +2 other references |
| Rocks & Min.: 22:205. +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Bookstrom et al. (2007) |
| Garvin et al. (2005) |
| Rocks & Min.: 63:194-200 | |
| Min News 5:3 p6. +1 other reference | |
| Garvin et al. (2005) |
| Garvin et al. (2005) |
| Conroy (2023) | |
| Garvin et al. (2005) |
| AmMin 44:995-1009 |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| T. Kennedy collection +2 other references |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Rocks & Min.:61:148 +1 other reference | |
| Erd et al. (1960) | |
| Erd et al. (1960) | |
| Erd et al. (1960) | |
| p.257 +1 other reference | |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Ley (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| Erd et al. (1960) | |
| Erd et al. (1960) |
| |
| E.L. Clopton collection |
| Smith et al. (2002) | |
| p.257 +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| King et al. (1991) |
| |
| Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| Smith et al. (2002) |
| Smith et al. (2002) | |
| Goldstein (2006) |
| Betts (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Goldstein (2006) | |
| |
| Harold Levey specimen |
| Robert C. Smith II Ph.D. P.G. |
| Foord et al. (1981) |
| Parker (2005) |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| Morris (1983) |
| Dean Rossell and Steven Coombes +1 other reference |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| George W. Robinson and S.M. Carlson (2009) | |
| - (2005) |
| Good et al. (2010) |
| - (2005) | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Beste (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Lieber (1992) |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998 | |
| Min News 5:3 p6 | |
| - (2005) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Beste (2005) |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:751-752. +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:22&26. +1 other reference |
| Cavender et al. (2016) |
| 'Charles I. Trantham' collection |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Tony Smith (chasmith@shaw.ca) | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
| www.gswweb.org/minutes/GSW1980.htm | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
| gsa.confex.com (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| - (2005) | |
| Lasmanis (1977) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +3 other references |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +2 other references | |
| Volborth et al. (1986) | |
| Volborth et al. (1986) |
| Volborth et al. (1986) | |
| Volborth et al. (1986) | |
| Volborth et al. (1986) |
| Volborth et al. (1986) | |
| Gobla (2012) | |
| |
| Nickel Deposits in Cottonwood Canyon et al. (1939) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Rocks and Minerals (2003) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Clark (2012) |
| Peters et al. (1983) |
| Skidmore (1967) |
| [Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... |
| - (2005) | |
| [Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... | |
| Robinson et al. (2007) |
| John H. Betts (2009) | |
| Chamberlain et al. (2023) |
| John Krygier specimens |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Stockman et al. (1984) |
| Smith and Barnes (2011) |
| Dana 6:1069 +2 other references |
| Smith and Barnes (2011) +1 other reference | |
| Foord et al. (1981) | |
| Dana 6:1069. +1 other reference |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| Dr Howard Heitner collection |
| Rocks & Min.: 13: 304-305. |
| Sloto (2019) |
| Dana 6: 1069. | |
| Samuel S. Gordon +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| "Jennifer Cindrich Collection" |
| Casanova et al. (1994) |
| Rocks & Min. | |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| - (2005) |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) +2 other references |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Heyl et al. (1959) |
| Heyl (1964) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998) |
| Heyl et al. (1959) | |
| Heyl et al. (1959) | |
| Cordura | |
| Cordura | |
| Heyl et al. (1959) | |
| Cordura | |
| Heyl et al. (1959) | |
| Heyl et al. (1959) | |
| Carlson (1998) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998) | |
| Cordua (1998) |
| Cordua (1998) | |
| Cordua (1998) | |
| Cordua (1998) | |
| Cordura | |
| Cordua (1998) | |
| Cordua (1998) | |
| LaBerge (1983) |
| AmMin 44:995-1009 |
| Specimen in the J Chervet collection (no. 6146) +3 other references | |
| Cordura |
| 5th International Platinum Symposium ... |
Uzbekistan | |
| Wilde et al. (2000) |
Zambia | |
| Capistrant (2013) +1 other reference |
| MacIntyre (2019) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Hofmann et al. (2014) |
| Clutten et al. (1981) |
| Williams (1979) |
| Clutten et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
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Meikle Mine, Bootstrap Mining District, Elko County, Nevada, USA