Kenyaite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kenyaite
Flag of Kenya
Formula:
Na2Si22O41(OH)8 · 6H2O
Colour:
White
Specific Gravity:
2.33 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by H.P. Eugster in 1967 for the country of Kenya, that includes the type locality.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Kenyaite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2186
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2186:5
IMA Classification of Kenyaite
Approved
Approval year:
1967
First published:
1967
Approval history:
IMA1967-018
Classification of Kenyaite
9.HA.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
A : With Alkali and Alkali-earth Elements
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
A : With Alkali and Alkali-earth Elements
78.7.7.1
78 : Unclassified Silicates
7 :
78 : Unclassified Silicates
7 :
14.1.6
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
1 : Silicates of the alkali metals
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
1 : Silicates of the alkali metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Kya | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kenyaite
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
White
Density:
2.33 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kenyaite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.48
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.000
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Comments:
Only an average n of ~1.480 could be measured.
Chemistry of Kenyaite
Mindat Formula:
Na2Si22O41(OH)8 · 6H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ti,Al,Fe,Mn,Ca,K
Crystallography of Kenyaite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.79 Å, b = 19.72 Å, c = 7.3 Å
β = 95.9°
β = 95.9°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.395 : 1 : 0.37
Unit Cell V:
1,115.48 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
"Monoclinic symmetry probable."
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 19.68 Å | (100) |
| 9.925 Å | (50) |
| 4.965 Å | (35) |
| 4.689 Å | (28) |
| 3.428 Å | (85) |
| 3.320 Å | (45) |
| 3.198 Å | (55) |
Comments:
The data are from Beneke and Lagley (1983). Other data sets are given in McAtee et al. (1968). The patterns vary with interlayer Na:H2O.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 16 : Low-? aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23) | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) |
Type Occurrence of Kenyaite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Nodular concretions with chert cores.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 121336, 121337.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 121336, 121337.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In beds of magadiite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kenyaite
Other Language Names for Kenyaite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 10 photos of Kenyaite associated with Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
| 5 photos of Kenyaite associated with Magadiite | Na2Si14O29 · 11H2O |
| 3 photos of Kenyaite associated with Stishovite | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Kenyaite associated with Coesite | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Kenyaite associated with Silhydrite | Si3O6 · H2O |
| 2 photos of Kenyaite associated with Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
| 1 photo of Kenyaite associated with Tuperssuatsiaite | Fe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.HA. | Shinichengite | Ca5[BSi2O7(OH)2]2 · 6H2O |
| 9.HA. | Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce) | NaKCaSrCeTi(Si8O21)OF(H2O)3 |
| 9.HA. | Moragite | Ca3TiSi2(Al2Si)O14 |
| 9.HA.05 | Ertixiite | Na2Si4O9 |
| 9.HA.20 | Wawayandaite | Ca6Mn2BBe9Si6O23(OH,Cl)15 |
| 9.HA.25 | Magbasite | KBaFe3+Mg7Si8O22(OH)2F6 |
| 9.HA.35 | Demagistrisite | BaCa2Mn3+4(Si3O10)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2O |
| 9.HA.37 | Donwilhelmsite | CaAl4Si2O11 |
| 9.HA.40 | Kasatkinite | Ba2Ca8B5Si8O32(OH)3 · 6H2O |
| 9.HA.40 | Igumnovite | Ca3Al2[SiO4]2[◻Cl4] |
| 9.HA.42 | Paqueite | Ca3TiSi2(Al,Ti,Si)3O14 |
| 9.HA.42 | Qeltite | Ca3TiSi2(Fe3+2Si)O14 |
| 9.HA.45 | Rippite | K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)O(O,F) |
| 9.HA.47 | Zagamiite | CaAl2Si3.5O11 |
| 9.HA.50 | Rudenkoite | Sr3(Al3.5Si3.5)O10(OH,O)8Cl2 · H2O |
| 9.HA.50 | α-Carnegieite | NaAlSiO4 |
| 9.HA.52 | Atheriastite | near Ca5MgFeAl6Si8O32 · 5H2O |
| 9.HA.55 | Foshallasite | Ca3[Si2O7] · 3H2O(?) |
| 9.HA.57 | Bhreckite | |
| 9.HA.60 | Nagelschmidtite | Ca7(SiO4)2(PO4)2 |
| 9.HA.65 | Caryochroite | [Na(Sr0.5Ca0.5)Mg]3[Fe3+8Mn(Fe2+0.5◻0.5)]10(Ti2Si12O37)(OH)14(H2O)3 |
| 9.HA.70 | Juanite | Ca10Mg4Al2Si11O39 · 4H2O or near |
| 9.HA.75 | Tacharanite | Ca12Al2Si18O33(OH)36 |
| 9.HA.80 | Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| 9.HA.85 | Denisovite | K14+x(Ca,Na,Mn,Fe)48[Si60O162]F16(Ox,OH4-x) · 2H2O |
| 9.HA.90 | Tiettaite | K4Na12Fe3+Si16O41(OH)4 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kenyaite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2186.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Kenyaite
Reference List:
Eugster, H. P. (1967) Hydrous Sodium Silicates from Lake Magadi, Kenya: Precursors of Bedded Chert. Science, 157 (3793). 1177-1180 doi:10.1126/science.157.3793.1177
McAtee, J. L., House, R., Eugster, H. P. (1968) Magadiite from Trinity County, California. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 2061-2069
Bricker, Owen P. (1969) Stability constants and Gibbs free energies of formation of magadiite and kenyaite. American Mineralogist, 54 (7-8) 1026-1033
Johan, Zdenek, Maglione, Gilbert (1972) La kanemite, nouveau silicate de sodium hydraté de néoformation. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 95 (3) 371-382 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1972.6691
Beneke, Klaus, Lagaly, Gerhard (1983) Kenyaite - synthesis and properties. American Mineralogist, 68 (7-8). 818-826
Fletcher, Ross A. (1987) Synthesis of Kenyaite and Magadiite in the Presence of Various Anions. Clays and Clay Minerals, 35 (4) 318-320 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1987.0350410
KOSUGE, Katsunori, YAMAZAKI, Atsushi, TSUNASHIMA, Atsumu, OTSUKA, Ryohei (1992) Hydrothermal Synthesis of Magadiite and Kenyaite. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 100 (1159) 326-331 doi:10.2109/jcersj.100.326
Almond, Graham G., Harris, Robin K., Franklin, Kevin R. (1997) A structural consideration of kanemite, octosilicate, magadiite and kenyaite. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7. 681-687 doi:10.1039/a606856a
Localities for Kenyaite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Museum Victoria (Victoria Australia) |
Canada | |
| Can. Museum of Nature collection - XRD |
Kenya (TL) | |
| Eugster (1967) +2 other references |
Namibia | |
| G. Niedermayr (2005) +2 other references |
Niger | |
| Sebag et al. (2001) |
Russia | |
| webmineral.ru (n.d.) |
Tanzania | |
| Hay (1970) |
USA | |
| collected by and in the collection of ... +1 other reference |
| Bricker (1969) +2 other references |
| Lukasz Kruszewski specimen. +4 other references |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| DeMark (1989) |
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Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Ross Archipelago, Victoria Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica