Kanoite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kanoite
Hiroshi Kano
Formula:
Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6
Colour:
Pinkish brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.66
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Hiroshi Kano (加納 博教授) (9 September 1914, Tokyo, Japan - 5 June 2009), Professor of Petrology, Akita University, for "his geological and petrographical contributions to metamorphic rocks in Japan especially those forming the basement of the Japanese Islands."
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2154
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2154:4
IMA Classification of Kanoite
Approved
IMA Formula:
MnMgSi2O6
First published:
1977
Classification of Kanoite
9.DA.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
65.1.1.3
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
14.18.8
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Knt | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kanoite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Pinkish brown
Streak:
Pale brown to white
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{110}
{110}
Density:
3.66 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.60 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kanoite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.715 nβ = 1.715 nγ = 1.728
2V:
Measured: 40° to 42°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.013
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; Z ∧ c = 42°.
Chemistry of Kanoite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Ca,Na,K
Crystallography of Kanoite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.73 Å, b = 8.93 Å, c = 5.26 Å
β = 108.56°
β = 108.56°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.09 : 1 : 0.589
Unit Cell V:
433.27 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Grains to 0.1 mm.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic twinning on {100} is common.
Comment:
Space group probable
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000806 | Kanoite | Gordon W A, Peacor D R, Brown P E, Essene E J, Allard L F (1981) Exsolution relationship in a clinopyroxene of average composition Ca0.43Mn0.69Mg0.82Si2O6: X-ray diffraction and analytical electron microscopy American Mineralogist 66 127-141 |  | 1981 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002049 | Kanoite | Arlt T, Angel R J, Miletich R, Armbruster T, Peters T (1998) High-pressure P2_1/c-C2/c phase transitions in clinopyroxenes: Influence of cation size and electronic structure American Mineralogist 83 1176-1181 | | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002050 | Kanoite | Arlt T, Angel R J, Miletich R, Armbruster T, Peters T (1998) High-pressure P2_1/c-C2/c phase transitions in clinopyroxenes: Influence of cation size and electronic structure American Mineralogist 83 1176-1181 | | 1998 | 5.2 | 293 | |
| 0006620 | Kanoite | Gnos E, Armbruster T, Nyfeler D (1996) Kanoite, donpeacorite and tirodite: Mn-Mg-silicates from a manganiferous quartzite in the United Arab Emirates European Journal of Mineralogy 8 251-261 | 1996 | manganiferous quartzite in the United Arab Emirates | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006698 | Kanoite | Arlt T, Armbruster T (1997) The temperature-dependent P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in the clinopyroxene kanoite MnMg[Si2O6]: a single-crystal X-ray and optical study European Journal of Mineralogy 9 953-964 | 1997 | 0 | 473 | ||
| 0006699 | Kanoite | Arlt T, Armbruster T (1997) The temperature-dependent P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in the clinopyroxene kanoite MnMg[Si2O6]: a single-crystal X-ray and optical study European Journal of Mineralogy 9 953-964 | 1997 | 0 | 543 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.211 Å | (100) |
| 3.021 Å | (90) |
| 2.910 Å | (90) |
| 2.921 Å | (80) |
| 2.493 Å | (40) |
| 1.627 Å | (40) |
| 2.573 Å | (30) |
Comments:
Tatehira, Japan. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Kanoite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Grains to 0.1 X 0.1 mm in maximum.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Seam cutting a pyroxmangite-cummingtonite metamorphic rock.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Kanoite
Relationship of Kanoite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Clinopyroxene Subgroup:
| Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Burnettite | CaVAlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+2Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Colomeraite | NaTi3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Davisite | CaScAlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Grossmanite | CaTi3+ AlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Kosmochlor | NaCrSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Kushiroite | CaAlAlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Natalyite | NaV3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Omphacite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m |
| Petedunnite | CaZnSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Ryabchikovite | CuMgSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Tissintite | (Ca,◻)AlSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| UM2001-19-SiO:AlCaMgNa | (Na,Mg,Ca)(Mg,Al)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| UM2003-36-SiO:CaNa | NaCrSi2O6 - CaMgSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Kanoite associated with Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| 4 photos of Kanoite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 3 photos of Kanoite associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Kanoite associated with Schefferite | (Ca,Mn)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Si2O6 |
| 1 photo of Kanoite associated with Pyroxmangite | Mn2+SiO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DA. | Colomeraite | NaTi3+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA. | Protoenstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| 9.DA. | Ryabchikovite | CuMgSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.05 | Donpeacorite | (Mn,Mg)MgSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.05 | Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.05 | Ferrosilite | Fe2+2Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.10 | Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 |
| 9.DA.10 | Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+2Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.10 | Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Grossmanite | CaTi3+ AlSiO6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 va | Jeffersonite | Ca(Mn,Zn,Fe)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Petedunnite | CaZnSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] |
| 9.DA.15 | Kushiroite | CaAlAlSiO6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.15 | Davisite | CaScAlSiO6 |
| 9.DA.20 | Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.20 | Omphacite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Natalyite | NaV3+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Tissintite | (Ca,◻)AlSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.25 | Kosmochlor | NaCrSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.30 | Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| 9.DA.35 | Hiroseite | FeSiO3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kanoite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2154.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Kanoite
Reference List:
Fleischer, Michael, Cabri, Louis J. (1978) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 63 (5-6) 598-600
Localities for Kanoite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Birch (1999) |
Brazil | |
| Salgado et al. (2019) |
Finland | |
| Heikkilä |
India | |
| ... |
Japan (TL) | |
| Kobayashi (1977) +1 other reference |
| Färber (n.d.) |
Russia | |
| Kazachenko et al. (2006, July) |
Sweden | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2018 |
United Arab Emirates | |
| European Journal of Mineralogy |
USA | |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 13664 |
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Tatehira mine, Kumaishi, Yakumo, Futami District, Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaidō Prefecture, Japan