No
Gnome ScreenCast functionality cannot be disabled.
@BlueManCZ provided a decent answer about masking the keyboard shortcut.
However, masking the keyboard shortcut with a blank that doesn't properly disable the screencast function.
It's provided by the gnome-shell package as a dbus interface, and its descriptor file is /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.gnome.Shell.Screencast.xml.
The dbus-send(1) and gdbus(1) commands may be used to invoke the Screencast method using hints from that descriptor file:
$ gdbus call --session --dest org.gnome.Shell --object-path /org/gnome/Shell/Screencast \
> --method org.gnome.Shell.Screencast.Screencast \
> "/tmp/test_%d_%t.webm" "{'draw-cursor': <'true'>}"
$ ls -l /tmp/test*webm
-rw-r--r--. 1 rich rich 270035 Jun 25 17:16 /tmp/test_2020-06-25_17:16:29.webm
It's worse: the gnome-shell RPM package doesn't treat its interface descriptors as configs. This can be shown by making a minor change to the file or removing it, then verify the RPM:
# rpm -q --verify gnome-shell
S.5....T. /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.gnome.Shell.Screencast.xml
The absence of a c flag here indicates that this is not treated as a config; and so will be restored the next time the package is installed (updated, downgraded, etc.)