Under my user home directory I have a file called passwords.txt which is owned by a another user. I don't have sudo access.
Permission of the passwords.txt file is r-x------ spual spaul
How can I read this text file?
You ask the system administrator or the user spaul to give you permission.
spaul just what in the devil spaul's passwords.txt file is doing in someone else's home directory.
If the hard drive or the home folder is not encrypted you have two options:
If not, refer to @roaima's answer.
This worked:
sudo –u spaul /bin/cat passwords.txt
sudo access."
sudo access but your working solution uses sudo. Huh?