grep for an ANSI escape code

Question

I've checked out a lot of links on how to grep individual escape characters or literal strings, but I just cannot get them to combine to find the background-red ANSI escape sequence ^[41m, even typing the ^[ as both Ctrl+V+Ctrl+[ and the two literal characters ^+[ and using both the -E and -F flags.

The raw bytes I am trying to find, given by hexdump are:

1b 5b 33 37 6d 1b 5b 34 31 6d 30 2e 30 30 25

Where this corresponds to WHITE FOREGROUND RED BACKGROUND 0.00%. I'm producing these codes with Python's colorama package and Fore.WHITE+Back.RED, just in case anyone is curious.

So, what is the secret I am missing?

Answer 1

but I just cannot get them to combine to find the background-red ANSI escape sequence ^[41m

If you use vim to open this file, you will know it's not ^[41m, instead it's ^[[41m, which ^[ navigate by arrow key as a set:

1b is Escape represent by single escape character ^[ which can be invoked by Ctrl+V follow by Esc. ^[ look like 2 characters but it's not, it's single:

xb@dnxb:~/Downloads/grep$ ascii 1b
ASCII 1/11 is decimal 027, hex 1b, octal 033, bits 00011011: called ^[, ESC
Official name: Escape

xb@dnxb:~/Downloads/grep$

Do this (Use Ctrl+V follow by Esc to create ^[, then continuously type \[41m):

xb@dnxb:~/Downloads/grep$ hexdump -C /tmp/2
00000000  1b 5b 33 37 6d 1b 5b 34  31 6d 30 2e 30 30 25 0a  |.[37m.[41m0.00%.|
00000010
xb@dnxb:~/Downloads/grep$ \grep '^[\[41m' /tmp/2
0.00%
xb@dnxb:~/Downloads/grep$ \grep '^[\[41m' /tmp/2 | hexdump -C
00000000  1b 5b 33 37 6d 1b 5b 34  31 6d 30 2e 30 30 25 0a  |.[37m.[41m0.00%.|
00000010
xb@dnxb:~/Downloads/grep$ 

Ensure you escape grep by prefix \ to avoid its alias --color affect:

[Alternative]:

1. \grep -P '\e\[41m' (Credit: OP's comment)
2. \grep '^[\[41m' , which use Ctrl+V follow by Ctrl+[ to create ^[. Useful when backspace in my keyboard is not 0x08, but i can use Ctrl+V follow by Ctrl+H (^H get from ascii 08) to produce it.