If I understand correctly, you named all your users by number, and you want to see their last names.
Where are their last names stored? in other words, you need to make some kind of correlation between the names and numbers; where is the source of that information?
Assuming you have some master list that correlates NUMBER to LAST-NAME, then you could set up an ls frontend for your self. For example:
If you have a file "usernames.list":
001 Smith
002 Johnson
003 Adams
004 Andrews
Then you can write a loop that re-implements ls but with correlation between your list and the keys it finds in /home:
for DIR in * ; do fgrep ${DIR} /path/to/usernames.list ; done
Which would print:
001 Smith
002 Johnson
003 Adams
004 Andrews
If you userlist is more complex than those key/value pairs, you can use cut to parse the info as you desire.
For the record, this is not the standard way of managing users.
Users on a POSIX system already have unique identifiers (the User ID, see the id command) so naming all your users incrementally from 001 is definitely not ideal.