Count instances of string in an array

You don't need jQuery for this.. a simple for loop like below would do the trick,

var numOfTrue = 0;
var Answers = [ "true", "false", "false", "true", "false" ];

for (var i = 0; i < Answers.length; i++) {
    if (Answers[i] === "true") { //increment if true
      numOfTrue++; 
    }
}

or even without a loop, DEMO

Answers.toString().match(/true/g).length

It might be not so performance friendly but you can use filtering and then count using grep:

var num = jQuery.grep(Answers, function (a) { return a == "true"; }).length;

You don't need jQuery for this task. Just plain Javascript. The best answer is given by Jamiec by you could also use filter or reduce functions that are available for arrays.

filter function:

var numOfTrue = Answers.filter(function(item){ return item === "true"; }).length

Here you are providing callback function that is executed for every item in array. If this function returns true then this item will be in returned array. Then you get the length of this array ( length of ["true", "true"] array is 2)

reduce function:

var numOfTrue = Answers.reduce(function(counter, item){ return counter + (item === "true" ? 1 : 0); }, 0);

Reduce function need callback function that is executed for every item in array. Array item is provided as second argument, the first one is the return value of previously executed callback. The second argument of reduce function is initial value that is provided for first callback function. If you omit this, then the first item from array is provided (in this example, if you forget to add 0 as second argument then the result value will be "true0010" string, because instead of adding numbers you will be concatenating stings)

You can also use regular expressions and the String.prototype.match()

Code:

const Answers = [ "true", "false", "false", "true", "false" ];
const count = Answers.toString().match(/true/g).length;

console.log(count)

If you did want to use jQuery (and tbh, you shouldn't for this) this will work:

var numOfTrue;
var Answers = [ "true", "false", "false", "true", "false" ];

$.each(Answers, function(i, item) {
    if (item == "true")
        numOfTrue++;
});

The Javascript equivalent is:

var numOfTrue;
var Answers = [ "true", "false", "false", "true", "false" ];

for (var i = 0; i < Answers.length; i++) {
    if (answers[i] == "true")
        numOfTrue++;
});

var numOfTrue =0;
$.each(Answers,function(index,value){
   if(value =="true")
   {
      numOfTrue++;
   }
});

http://jsfiddle.net/3PpJS/

var numOfTrue;
var Answers = [ "true", "false", "false", "true", "false" ];
var i = 0;
$.each(Answers, function(index, value){
    if(value == "true")
    {
        i++;
    }
});


alert(i);

http://jsfiddle.net/kpcrash/Xxcw6/

var numOfTrue = 0;
for(var i = 0, len = Answers.length;i < len; i++){
    if(Answers[i] === "true"){
       numOfTrue++;
    }
}

arr = [true,true,true,false,false]
n = arr.join('').split("true").length-1

You can use jQuery.each to iterate over the list, for example:

var Answers = [ "true", "false", "false", "true", "false" ];
var numOfTrue = countTrue(Answers);

alert(numOfTrue);

function countTrue(Answers){
 var numOfTrue = 0;
 jQuery.each( Answers, function(i, value) {
    if (value === "true")
        numOfTrue++;
 });

 return numOfTrue;
}

Here is a jsfiddle if you want to play around with it: http://jsfiddle.net/HHrwc/

Using only JS

function Count(targetString){
var vowels = ['a','o','u','i','e'];

   return targetString.split("").reduce(function(countingVaues,char){
   countingVaues += 
   vowels.filter(function(x){return x === char;}).length;
   return countingVaues;
   },0)};

Count("aouiesndfjksdnjkfnsdjkewwe"); //==7

If you're looking for counting more varied array I think you can implement your code as follow:

    var numOfTrue;
    var i=0;
    var Answers = [ "true", "false", "not sure", "false", "true", "false", "not sure", "I don't know" ];
    var counted = [];
    var result = {};
    Answers.forEach(answer => {// refer to each item in this array with the parameter "answer"
        if(!counted.includes(answer)){ // check if answer is not in counted array
            counted.push(answer); // add the answer to counted [array]
            result[answer] = 1; // add answer to result{object} as a key with a value of 1
        }else if(counted.includes(answer)){// here we check if answer is in counted [array]

    // if it's true, that means we have already set its value in the result{object} to 1
            result[answer] += 1    // now, we just need to increment its value by 1
        }
    })

    console.log(result); // {true: 2, false: 3, not sure: 2, I don't know: 1}
    numOfTrue = result.true;
    console.log(numOfTrue);// 2