Just create a connection string to the SQL Server and include it in your Excel sheet, as long as the user is connected to the local domain they should be able to use the excel sheet. Something like:
in your setting sheet
ConnectionString=
Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=YourSQLServerName;Initial Catalog=YourDatabase;Integrated Security=SSPI;Trusted_Connection=Yes;
and in VBA
Set wsSettings = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Settings")
Application.DisplayStatusBar = True
Application.StatusBar = "Contacting SQL Server..."
Dim conn As ADODB.Connection, rs As ADODB.Recordset
Set conn = New ADODB.Connection
conn.Open wsSettings.Range("ConnectionString").value
You don't need the licence to connect to a SQL Server on the same domain.E.G over a billion people use Facebook and Facebook DB stores user profile but the users don't have to pay for using Facebook DB, users are connecting to DB and Facebook pays for the licence to use the DB. Your company has paid the licence so any number of people can connect and retrieve data but the can't install DB on their machine without a licence.