I don't think that's possible, as the web config stores the configuration values that your application uses to define how it behaves - in this case, the length of the data you require to be passed on.
You would need to modify the web.config as follows:
<configuration>
<system.web>
<httpRuntime maxRequestLength="1048576" />
</system.web>
</configuration>
And if you are on IIS7 above, the following needs to be configured as well:
<system.webServer>
<security>
<requestFiltering>
<requestLimits maxAllowedContentLength="1073741824" />
</requestFiltering>
</security>
</system.webServer>
Additional Note: maxAllowedContentLength is measured in bytes while maxRequestLength is measured in kilobytes
Some options you have are:
Powershell script that would read your web.config files on the different servers and update the configuration values accordingly.
Uploading the web config directly via FTP or publish.
Modifying the web config directlyon the server instance.