TheLostMind's solution is already good, but I think it needs a solution for Strings of arbitrary length.
String outputString = "";
for(String x : message.split("\\s+"))
{
outputString = outputString.concat(x.charAt(0) + x.length());
}
As stated in the comments, this solution is very similiar to brso05's solution. The difference is in using the :-Operator in the for-loop. It's shorter and IMHO easier to understand, as it says 'for each String in the resulting array'.
Also, using the concat()-function is considered safer in my work environment.