You should URL encode it:
?id=(refine_1%3Dcgid%3Dwomens%26refine_2%3Dc_refinementColor%3DBlack%26refine_3%3Dprice%3D(0..500))
Now assuming that your controller action takes an id parameter:
public ActionResult SomeAction(string id)
{
    ...
}
the value of this parameter inside the action will be (refine_1=cgid=womens&refine_2=c_refinementColor=Black&refine_3=price=(0..500)).
You could bring this even a step further and write a custom model binder that will parse this value and bind it to a view model containing those properties that your controller action could take as parameter instead of a id string parameter.