Not directly. Measure-Object is intended to be an easy way to grab such values, not their input objects. You could get the maximum from Measure-Object and then compare against the array, but it takes a few steps:
$array = Get-VM
$max = ($array | measure-object -Property ProvisionedSpaceGB -maximum).maximum
$array | ? { $_.ProvisionedSpaceGB -eq $max}
You could also forgo Measure-Object entirely and iterate through the set, replacing the maximum and output as you go.
$max = 0
$array | Foreach-Object
{
if($max -le $_.ProvisionedSpaceGB)
{
$output = $_
$max = $_.ProvisionedSpaceGB
}
}
$output
This is a little dirtier so as to always return a single value. It would need a minor adjustment if you were to reuse it in a case where there may be multiple values that have the same maximum (filesize lengths when using Get-ChildItem, for example). It will replace $output with the latter iterate in a case where two or more objects have the same value for ProvisionedSpaceGB. You could turn $output into a collection easily enough to fix that.
I prefer the former solution myself, but I wanted to offer a different way to think about the problem.