calling methods in python

Question

I'm new to python.I read that every identifier is an object reference in python (including primitive data types). We use object reference to call object methods. For example

a="hello world"

Here a is a reference to string object and i use this reference to call string object methods.But what I found today is that I can directly use the object itself instead of a reference. i.e both a.upper() and "hello world".upper() are valid.What i need to know the underlying logic of calling an object method in python.How am I able to use both object reference and object itself to call methods. Is there a difference in above two methods??

docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html, docs.python.org/reference/executionmodel.html — ThiefMaster
– ThiefMaster, Commented Aug 29, 2012 at 12:16
Welcome to Stack Overflow. Your question suggests that you are very new to object-oriented programming. I would suggest that you go through the Python tutorial at docs.python.org/tutorial/ which will answer this question alongside many others. — HerrKaputt
– HerrKaputt, Commented Aug 29, 2012 at 12:35

tlrobrn · Accepted Answer · 2013-10-03 16:46:03Z

1

Reference variables are just names for objects. "hello world" is just an unnamed object - an object doesn't need a name to call methods on it, it just needs to exist.

answered Oct 3, 2013 at 16:46

tlrobrn

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