The rules of widening primitive conversion does not apply to arrays of primitive types. For instance, it is valid to assign a byte to an integer in Java:
byte b = 10;
int i = b; //b is automatically promoted (widened) to int
However, primitive arrays do not behave the same way, and therefore, you cannot assume that an array of byte[] is going to be automatically promoted to an array of int[].
However, you could force the promotion of every item in your byte array manually:
String text = "Alice";
byte[] source = text.getBytes();
int[] destiny = new int[source.length];
for(int i = 0; i < source.length; i++){
destiny[i] = source[i]; //automatically promotes byte to int.
}
For me, this would be the simplest approach.