In ArcMap I can select all rows in the attribute table, right click one of the grey boxes, copy and then paste into excel:
There is no Copy option in Pro.
How can this be done in ArcGIS Pro (without having to export the table)?
You can use the copy paste functions into excel as mentioned with CTRL+SHIFT+C
to format as table in excel just go to
Data-->Text to columns-->Delimited-->By Tab-->Ok