UMbaqanga

UMbaqanga uhlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika owavela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 emanxulumeni odukathole, ikakhulukazi eGoli. Ugqobe izinkambiso zezinhlanga ezihlukene zomculo, ezihlanganisa ezamaZulu, amaXhosa, abeSuthu, amaPedi, namaTsonga. UMbaqanga uxuba imivumo yamaphimbo aseNingizimu Afrika omdabu, izindlela zokusina ezithonywe imarabi, ikwela nomculo waseNtshona onesibinge ofana neJazz. Osaqhubeka nokuthonya abaculi baseNingizimu Afrika basembulungeno yonke.

uMlando

Ngolimi lweZulu, igama elithi mbaqanga lisho idokwe elishubile lommbila. Abenzi boMbaqanga kwakuluquqaba olithanda Umculo we-jazz yomdabu. Iningi labo lalingavinyelwe ukuzenzela igama esidlaveleni, kodwa babekwazi ukiluzondla lapho besamakhaya. UMbaqanga wawubanika uhlobo lomculo olubondla ngokomoya; babewuthatha "niengesinkwa sangemibla somculo."^[1]

Abaculi boMbaqanga babethola imali encane. Ngokwesibonelo, uMahlathini" Nkabinde, omunye wabaculi boMbaqanga osaziwayo, owayebizwa ngembodlomane yaseSoweto, wadlula emhlabeni ehlwempu.^[2] Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuxhashazwa kwabaculi abansundi Kuleli naphesheya. Amaqembu ombaqanga eshumiminyaka lama-1960 ayeluthola kunzima ukuba Umculo wawo udlalwa emsakazweni yasendaweni,^[3] njengoba kwakudingeka ukuba bayoqhogoya ngaphandle kwezitolo ezidayisa umculo ukuthi bahehe izihlwele.

Isibunge samazwe omhlaba

Isibunge sombaqanga sabuna kwishumiminyaka lowe-1970 ngenxa ywthonya lemculo odumile waseNtshona, Umculo wesoul nomculo wedisco eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi boMbaqanga babengasibizwa emgidini ukuzoqhogoya ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi ezingabafuduki zazingasafuni ukuba sematheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlwele zazifuna ulimi lwasenalokishini, amaphimbo wakhona, nezindlela zakhona zokushaya izinsimbi.^[1] Kodwa, lomculo wavuselelwa phakathi kowe-1983 nowe- 1986. Lokhu kwabangwa igalelo likaPaul Simon lapho efaka nomculo waseNingizimu Afrika ecwecwebi lakhe elithi Graceland ngowe-1986 olwalandelwa umjikelezo. UMahlathini kanye neMahotella Queens lapho bevela emikhosini eyayiseFulansi nangomgudi wosuku lokuzalwa lowama-70 likaNelson Mandela eNkundleni yaseWembley, ela Dani ngowe-1988 (bekanye noJonny Clegg) balhuza obuya endeni. Abaculi abamhlophe abathonywa indima yombaqanga bahlanganisa umbhali wezingoma nomculi uRobin Auld. Umshayi wegqumugqumu womculo wesibhunu omkantshubomvu uNico Carstens, wakhiqiza iculo elithi boereqanga nelinye elashisa izikhotha elithi Viva Madiba

Uhlu lwabaculi bombaqanga

Makgona Tsohle Band
Mahlathini and the Mahottela Queens
Soul Brothers
The Cool Four
Miriam Makeba
Dolly Rathebe
Letta Mbulu

* Dark City Sisters

Simon Baba Mokoena
West Nkosi

Amaphatho

1 2 Coplan, David B. "Sounds of the 'Third Way:' Identity and the African Renaissance in Contemporary South African Popular Traditional Music" Black Music Research Journal. Vol. 21, No. 1 (Spring 2001). pp. 107–124.
↑ Sowetan.co.za ^{[dead link]}
↑ "Simon Mahlathini Page in Fuller Up, The Dead Musicians Directory". Elvispelvis.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2000. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 29 November 2014. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[autogenerated1-1] 1 2 Coplan, David B. "Sounds of the 'Third Way:' Identity and the African Renaissance in Contemporary South African Popular Traditional Music" Black Music Research Journal. Vol. 21, No. 1 (Spring 2001). pp. 107–124.

[2] Sowetan.co.za ^{[dead link]}

[3] "Simon Mahlathini Page in Fuller Up, The Dead Musicians Directory". Elvispelvis.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2000. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 29 November 2014. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[1]