Isilisa

Isilisa ([uphawu: ♂) buwubuliliqobo besiphili esikhiqizayo, noma esikwazi ukukhoqiza amalilizana (amangqamuzana obulili) aziwa ngokuthi amalotha, axubana namalulizana esifazane,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] noma iqanda, ngomdludlungu obizwa ukukhulelisa. Isiphili wesilisa asikwazi ukuzala ngokobulili ngokwaso ngaphandle kweqanda lesifazane, kodwa ezinye Iziphili ziyakwazi ukuzala ngokobulili bangaphandle kocansi.^[5] Iningi lezincelisi zesilisa, kuhlanganisa nabantu besilisa, zinesiphathafuzo Y,^[6]^[7] okuyisona esiguqukezela ukukhiqizwa kwamanani amakhulu amandlendoda ukuze kukhule izitho zokuzala zesilisa.

Ebantwini, igama elithi isilisa libuye lisho ubulilisiqu, ngokomqondo wezenhlalo wezindima zobulili, nobuhlonzi bobulili.^[8]

Amaphatho

↑ Lehtonen, Jussi; Parker, Geoff A. (1 December 2014). "Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of the two sexes". Molecular Human Reproduction (in i-English). 20 (12): 1161–1168. doi:10.1093/molehr/gau068. ISSN 1360-9947. PMID 25323972.
↑ Fusco, Giuseppe; Minelli, Alessandro (10 October 2019). The Biology of Reproduction (in i-English). Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-1-108-49985-9.
↑ Hine, Robert; Martin, Elizabeth (2015). A Dictionary of Biology (in i-English). Oxford University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-19-871437-8.
↑ Bhargava, Aditi; Arnold, Arthur P; Bangasser, Debra A; Denton, Kate M; Gupta, Arpana; Hilliard Krause, Lucinda M; Mayer, Emeran A; McCarthy, Margaret; Miller, Walter L; Raznahan, Armin; Verma, Ragini (2021-05-25). "Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement". Endocrine Reviews (in i-English). 42 (3): 3. doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa034. ISSN 0163-769X. PMC 8348944 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33704446 Check |pmid= value (help).
↑ Lively, Curtis M. (1 March 2010). "A Review of Red Queen Models for the Persistence of Obligate Sexual Reproduction". Journal of Heredity (in i-English). 101 (suppl_1): S13–S20. doi:10.1093/jhered/esq010. ISSN 0022-1503. PMID 20421322.
↑ Reference, Genetics Home. "Y chromosome". Genetics Home Reference (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 July 2020.
↑ "Y Chromosome". Genome.gov (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 7 September 2020.
↑ "Definition of MALE". www.merriam-webster.com (in i-English). 4 February 2025. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 10 February 2025.

[Lehtonen2014-1] Lehtonen, Jussi; Parker, Geoff A. (1 December 2014). "Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of the two sexes". Molecular Human Reproduction (in i-English). 20 (12): 1161–1168. doi:10.1093/molehr/gau068. ISSN 1360-9947. PMID 25323972.

[Fusco2019-2] Fusco, Giuseppe; Minelli, Alessandro (10 October 2019). The Biology of Reproduction (in i-English). Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-1-108-49985-9.

[Hine2015-3] Hine, Robert; Martin, Elizabeth (2015). A Dictionary of Biology (in i-English). Oxford University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-19-871437-8.

[4] Bhargava, Aditi; Arnold, Arthur P; Bangasser, Debra A; Denton, Kate M; Gupta, Arpana; Hilliard Krause, Lucinda M; Mayer, Emeran A; McCarthy, Margaret; Miller, Walter L; Raznahan, Armin; Verma, Ragini (2021-05-25). "Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement". Endocrine Reviews (in i-English). 42 (3): 3. doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa034. ISSN 0163-769X. PMC 8348944 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33704446 Check |pmid= value (help).

[Curtis2010-5] Lively, Curtis M. (1 March 2010). "A Review of Red Queen Models for the Persistence of Obligate Sexual Reproduction". Journal of Heredity (in i-English). 101 (suppl_1): S13–S20. doi:10.1093/jhered/esq010. ISSN 0022-1503. PMID 20421322.

[6] Reference, Genetics Home. "Y chromosome". Genetics Home Reference (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 22 July 2020.

[7] "Y Chromosome". Genome.gov (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 7 September 2020.

[8] "Definition of MALE". www.merriam-webster.com (in i-English). 4 February 2025. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 10 February 2025.

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