UToni Morrison

UChloe Anthony Wofford " Toni " Morrison (ezalwa nguChloe Ardelia Wofford; nge-18 kaFebruwari 1931 - nge-5 ka-Agasti 2019) wayengumbhali wenoveli waseMelika kunye nomhleli. Wanikwa iMbasa yeNobel kwiNcwadi ngo-1993. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala, iThe Bluest Eye, yapapashwa ngo-1970. Ingoma kaSolomon eyayithandwa kakhulu (1977) yazisa ingqalelo yakhe kwilizwe lonke yaza yaphumelela iMbasa yeNational Book Critics Circle. Ngo-1988, uMorrison waphumelela iMbasa yePulitzer yeBeloved (1987).

Wazalelwa kwaye wakhulela kwindawo yase eLorain, eOhio, uMorrison waphumelela kwiDyunivesithi yaseHoward ngonyaka ka-1953 eneziqu ze-BA kwisiNgesi. UMorrison wafumana isidanga se-master kwi-American Literature kwiDyunivesithi yaseCornell ngo-1955. Ngo-1957 wabuyela kwiDyunivesithi yaseHoward, watshata, waza waba nabantwana ababini ngaphambi kokuba aqhawule umtshato ngo-1964. UMorrison waba ngumhleli wokuqala wabasetyhini abamnyama kwiincwadi zeentsomi eRandom House eNew York City ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960. Wazakhela udumo njengombhali ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kunye noo-1980. Inoveli yakhe ethi Beloved yenziwa ifilimu ngo-1998. Imisebenzi kaMorrison iyanconywa ngokujongana nemiphumo emibi yocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga eMelika namava abantu abamnyama baseMelika.

Intlangano I- National Endowment for the Humanities yamnyula uMorrison kwiJefferson Lecture, eyona mbeko inkulu kurhulumente wobumbano wase-US ngenxa yokuphumelela kwizifundo zoluntu, ngo-1996. Wahlonitshwa ngeMedal of Distinguished Contribution kwi-American Letters yeNational Book Foundation ngaloo nyaka mnye. UMongameli uBarack Obama wamnika iPresidential Medal of Freedom ngoMeyi 29, 2012. Wafumana iPEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction ngo-2016. UMorrison wangeniswa kwiNational Women's Hall of Fame ngo-2020.