Indeed there has been a kind of 'double whammy' of
projectisation and its straitjackets: first the project framework of land transfers that have taken place (and the problems of Communal Property Associations, CPAs), and second in many cases the project framework of subsequent land use 'models' tying CPAs into PPPs (public-private partnerships), SPVs (Special Purpose Vehicles) and the like, that is, under the tutelage of (at best?) and extortion by (at worst) agricultural business 'expertise', typically contracted from white farmers and consultancy outfits.
At the same time as global initiatives in health are proliferating at an unsustainable pace, there are consistent global efforts to move in the exact opposite direction by convincing donors and lenders to move away from verticality and
projectisation into sector-wide approaches and budget support programmes.