Approaches to the archaeology of
convictism have been subject to shifting interests, sometimes as a result of dialogues taking place within allied disciplines, but also as a result of opportunities to access relevant sites which have emerged as a result of commercial archaeological mitigation work.
The terms of reference for reflections on
convictism originated in the early-nineteenth century, when the scornful opinions which British employers maintained of the working classes were hardened with respect to those who, on account of their criminality, were considered the refuse of their class.
Other topics include
convictism, bushrangers, Australian Rules football, compulsory voting, republicanism, multiculturalism and whether Curtin was our greatest prime minister.
On the first view, the CPA is simply a continuation of native Australian working-class radicalism, with roots in
convictism, in the early unions and bodies like the Industrial Workers of the World.
(20) Marsden's letter is unable to maintain the fiction that genteel family life is separate and apart from what should be normatively out of sight; her euphemism "proper servants" betrays domestic relations as inextricably entangled with
convictism. (21)
The development of a patriarchal society in Australia that evolved out of
convictism and the need for men to depend upon each other in the absence of women (Dixson 81; Ward 100) is a central component of this discourse of masculinity.
New Zealanders lacked the taint of
convictism, they were moulded by a vigorous, cooler climate, and they enjoyed relations with a superior type of `native'.
Being Irish and bearing the taint of
convictism, the Kelly family, like many others with similar backgrounds, lived on the fringe of a society whose economy and legal system were controlled by the British.
Archaeologies of the post-1788 period have tended to focus on historical themes such as
convictism, colonial-Indigenous encounter, founding manufacturing industries (e.g.