Transorbital penetrating craniocerebral injuries account for 24% of penetrating head injuries in adults and around 45% of such injuries in children [2, 3].
Ophthalmologists generally chose transorbital approaches for resecting orbital tumors, but this approach was limited by poor visualization and always accompanied with little visual improvement and major injury.
Hussain, "Optic nerve sheath diameter evaluated by transorbital sonography in healthy volunteers from Pakistan," Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, vol.