High concentrations of
muconic acid - a degradation product of benzene (a volatile, toxic and carcinogenic compound) - were detected in the urine of 29 pregnant women who participated in the pilot study.
Catechol can later be oxidized further to
muconic acid or 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde [40] which can finally be degraded to yield organic acids that are used by microorganisms for cell synthesis and energy production [41].
The presence of Catechol-1,2-dioxygenase (C12D) or Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23D) was detected by the formation of products cis-cis
muconic acid and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (2-HMS) at 260 nm and 375 nm, respectively (Santos and Linardi, 2004).
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Myriant is also targeting acrylic acid, as well as lactic acid,
muconic acid, and fumaric acid.
1999 Vinylidene chloride CDC 2009 (1,1-dichloroethene) Abbreviations: Hb, hemoglobin; HEMA, 2-hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid; MA,
muconic acid; NA, not applicable; PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid.
Building on our success with bio-succinic acid, Myriant is continuing to expand its product portfolio, including the development and scale-up of new bio-based chemicals like acrylic acid and
muconic acid, basic building blocks used to make many every day products.
Dicarboxylic, maleic, and
muconic acids are important compounds as a result of ring opening of aromatic intermediates.
(26) Draths, which was sold to Amyris, also described an ethylene Diels Alder route with
muconic acid to terephthalic acid.
It is well known that the ozone oxidization treatment cleaves the aromatic ring of lignin and generates the
muconic acid derivative, which has the
muconic acid residue with carboxyl groups on both ends of the conjugate double bond.