cleartext

P actually takes what Oreo started in that department and turns it up a notch (so to speak): With Oreo, Google introduced a new system in which app developers could choose to prevent unencrypted network traffic -- commonly known as "cleartext" -- from appearing in their apps.

where E is the encryption function, K is the encryption key, [W.sub.K] is the watermarking key, O is the cleartext media data, and m is the mark to be embedded.

An encryption function converts data from cleartext (e.g.

Hence, the receiver decrypt of [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] as the cleartext bits.

Then, [M.sub.1] simulates the received ciphertext pair from [P.sub.i] (i [not equal to] 1) in step 1.1 using a random encryption of a random cleartext and a random encryption of i, and simulates the sequence of permuted ciphertext pairs received from [P.sub.n] in step 1.3 using 2n random encryptions of random cleartexts.

The published information included names, email addresses and passwords (many in cleartext).

As an example, he noted that the hackers were able to produce more than 400,000 cleartext passwords within a day.