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Cygnus falconeri

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Description

Cygnus falconeri, the giant swan, (Maltese: Ċinju ġgant) is an extinct, very large swan known from Middle Pleistocene-aged deposits from Malta and Sicily. Its dimensions are described as exceeding those of the living mute swan by one-third, which would give a bill-to-tail length of about 190–210 cm (based on 145–160 cm for C. olor). It would have been taller, though not heavier, than the region's dwarf elephants. Due to its size, it may have been flightless. It became extinct before the increase in human activity in the region (see Holocene extinction event), so its disappearance is thought to have resulted from extreme climate fluctuations or the arrival of superior predators and competitors. Its bones are exhibited at Għar Dalam museum in Birżebbuġa Malta.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)9721570https://www.gbif.org/species/9721570
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)367710https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=367710
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Cygnus : Cygnus falconeri
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Cygnus : Cygnus falconeri
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
[Hierarchy too deep]
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-GalloanseraeSibley and Ahlquist 1990
superorderGalloanserimorphae
orderAnseriformesWagler 1831
familyAnatidaeVigors 1825
subfamilyAnserinaeVigors 1825
tribeCygninae
genusCygnusGarsault 1764
speciesCygnus falconeriParker 1865
Generic NameCygnus
Scientific NameCygnus falconeri Parker, 1865
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Cygnus falconerispeciesbelongs to Cygnusstated without evidenceParker, 1865
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance2.59 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Last Recorded Appearance2.59 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentfreshwater (based on Anserinae)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietfolivore, granivore (based on Anserinae)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)P. Brodkorb. 1964. Catalogue of Fossil Birds. Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 8(3):195-335
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_falconeri

Fossil Distribution

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1865Cygnus falconeri Parker
1933Cygnus falconeri Lambrecht p. 385
1964Cygnus falconeri Brodkorb p. 209

References

Brodkorb P. (1964) Catalogue of Fossil Birds. Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes), Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 8 3, 195-335
Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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