Women's players were classified as starters (n = 2134) or nonstarters (n = 1643) as they were selected or not for the starting five of the team.
In order to compare the game-related statistics collected between starters and nonstarters, each player's results were divided by that player's time on court, resulting in derived rate variables.
Results showed (see Table 2) that when best teams won games starters were discriminated from nonstarters by their higher values in successful 2-point field-goals (SC = 0.47), successful free-throws (SC = 0.44), fouls (SC = -0.41), assists (SC = 0.37), and defensive rebounds (SC = 0.37).
For the first sample, nonstarters perceived less satisfaction with team social contribution, which refers to how other group members relate to the athlete on a personal level (Riemer & Chelladurai, 1998).
Our initial findings were supported in that the omnibus MANOVA, Wilks' [lambda] = .93, F(2,87) = 3.24, p < .05, [[eta].sup.2] = .07, indicated significant differences in perceptions of cohesion between starters and nonstarters. Similarty, univariate ANOVA revealed that starters (M = 6.31 [+ or -] 1.59) perceived greater social cohesion than non-starters (M = 5.63 [+ or -] 1.66), F(1,88) = 3.92, p = .05, [[eta].sup.2] = .04.
Further, taken in totality (i.e., from both samples), the results are consistent and support the need to consider the group's social environment with respect to starters and nonstarters.
If federal legislation and improved lawyer-ethics standards are
nonstarters, perhaps good old shame is our best bet for reforming the system of trial by jury.
Make a strong effort to talk baseball to your
nonstarters during the game.
As explained below, these players formed 2 groups, 11 starters and 7 nonstarters. No differences were noted between starters and non-starters in their age and anthropometric data (age, weight, height and % body fat).
As starters and non-starters were the same individuals across the three games, players formed 2 groups, comprising 11 starters and 7 nonstarters. At each time of the study (T2, T3 and T4), the team and the opposing teams were nationally ranked within the top 10 of the French premier league.
MANOVAs, 2 (Group: starters/non-starters) x 3 (Time: game 1, game 2 and game 3) showed a significant effect of Group for unpleasant transactional emotions, indicating that nonstarters were experiencing more intense unpleasant emotions than starters in the pre-competition period across the three games.
