The tumor marker for the Hepatocellular Carcinoma is the serum Alpha
Fetoprotein (AFP).
"We currently test for liver cancer using ultrasound and a blood protein marker called alpha
fetoprotein," says John Kisiel, MD, a gastroenterologist at Mayo Clinic.
On follow up at the age of 1.5 months, alpha
fetoprotein was 224.1 ng/mL (reference value <7 ng/mL).
Sharma, "Study of serum prealbumin and serum alpha
fetoprotein in cases of fulminant hepatic failure.," Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, vol.
Seeding of tumor may occur at a rate of 2.29% biopsy with percutaneous ethanol injection, 1.4% alone liver biopsy, 0.95% radiofrequency ablation with biopsy, and 0.61% radiofrequency ablation without biopsy.6 However, in the other study reported that this incidence was 0.14%.7 Studies have shown that seeding of tumor, following interventional procedures, may occur in the presence of risk factors including sub capsular localization of the tumor nodule, a low degree of differentiation, a high alpha
fetoprotein level and a tumor diameter >5cm.8
Serum alpha
fetoprotein (AFP) which is one of the tumor markers was found to be increased (10 000 [micro]g/L) and the other tumor markers were found to be normal.
Conservative management was given to patients with lesions smaller than 5cm in size, simple cyst, asymptomatic cyst, cysts decreasing in size on followup scan, unequivocal ovarian origin, [alpha]
fetoprotein and [beta]-HCG within normal limits.
Sampling of maternal serum for a decreased level of alpha
fetoprotein, a test available since the mid-1980s.
Results of testing for tumor-associated antigens, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, carcinoma antigen 19-9, prostatic specific antigen, and alpha
fetoprotein, were negative.
The test involves measuring the amount of one or all three substances signifying pregnancy, such as alpha
fetoprotein, in blood taken from a pregnant woman to determine the risk of giving birth to a fetus with Down's syndrome and other congenital birth defects.
With the widespread use of testing a mother's blood for increased levels of alpha
fetoprotein, now doctors can determine if a fetus suffers from spina bifida.
She was diagnosed to have left ovarian mass with raised serum CA-125 258units/ml and raised alpha
fetoprotein 8232ng/ml.
Some serum markers in second trimester of pregnancy are useful in determining risk of developmental and chromosomal anomalies; these include Alpha
fetoprotein (AFP), Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), Unconjugated estriol (uE3) and Inhibin A (Inh-A).
Sample for Alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) estimation was collected by instilling 5 ml of distilled water into vagina, irrespective of pooling of amniotic fluid and sent to the biochemistry lab for the analysis and for the estimation of alpha
fetoprotein by using Electroluminescence enzyme immunoassay method.
Liver transplantation should be offered to patients with small solitary hepatocellular carcinoma and a positive serum alpha
fetoprotein rather thanresection.
