Beginning and ending exercise patterns with a sibilant,
fricative, or plosive produced positive results immediately.
Bilabialization, lateralization, changes in voice characteristics, and active nasal
fricative sound production errors were each seen at a rate of 6%.
The phrases and words were chosen bearing in mind that presbycusis is characterized by hearing loss at high frequencies (5) and therefore the test should contain words and phrases with sounds in this frequency band, such as
fricatives.
The following example shows metathesis in Balochi in which
fricative exchanges its position with labial stop.
(17) Shea derives yatapanu from the verb YSP, which contains the wrong
fricative. Personal names also present problems for interpreters of Sinai 357.
As examples, consider "stops," the natural phoneme classes in which the airflow of the vocal tract is blocked, and "
fricatives," the consonants in which air is pushed through two articulators close together.
Ejectives are most typically associated with the voiceless plosives /k/ and /t/, but other types (including
fricatives) exist as well.
Inter-dental
fricatives are consonants that are produced by pressing the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth.
Some specific subjects addressed include Middle English, the elimination of velar
fricatives, secondary agent constructions from a diachronic perspective, and J.
But in the examples in data set (2), the onset of the modifier differs from the base onset in both place of articulation and manner of articulation (the modifier's onsets are
fricatives here).
