variable

where [Y.sub.t] is the vector of endogenous domestic variables and [X.sub.t] is the vector of exogenous variables (foreign variables).

Depending on [f.sup.2] values, dropping any one of the exogenous variables (SHRM, and EA) that clarifies the endogenous variable (OE) has comparatively small effect size on [R.sup.2].

Here constant term and DEBT are also considered as exogenous variables. Regarding to the specific ordering of the variables, it is decided to always order government consumption expenditures after government investment expenditures, as it is quite reasonable that investment generates current consumption (Gonzalez-Garcia et al., 2013).

Exogenous variables are Unsafe Driving, Fatigue Driving, Driver Fitness, Controlled Substances/Alcohol, and Vehicle Maintenance.

Previous studies treat PU and PEU as exogenous variables and draw a covariance line between them (Chang, 2004; Wynne W Chin et al., 2008; Johnson, 2005).

The ARIMA model allows for the inclusion of information from the past observations of a series, but not for the inclusion of other exogenous variables that may be relevant.

The direct effect is the pathway from the exogenous variable to the outcome while controlling for the mediator.

The correlation matrix shows that there is a significant relationship between consideration, coordination, skill, and expectation (some components of invitational teaching, exogenous variable) and inherent and incremental intelligence (two components of intelligence beliefs, endogenous variable).

The exogenous variable - the "X factor," if you will - is presidential leadership.