Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Crossing the road in Britain, 1931–1976

Joe Moran
Joe Moran
visibility

244

views

1 of 20

References (50)

  • 'Belisha beacons being made', Gaumont British News, 21 Jan. 1935, issue no. 111; 'Manufacture of Belisha beacons', Pathe ´Super Sound Gazette, 21 Jan. 1935, super issue no. 35-6. 16 Belisha: rules [rules for a card game made by Castell Bros.] (London, 1937).
  • Thorold, The motoring age, p. 206. 18 ' Pedestrian beacons: official reply to criticism', Times, 20 Sept. 1934.
  • Thorold, The motoring age, p. 206. 20 'The joke (children's tale)', Punch, 21 Nov. 1934, p. 583.
  • 'Worst week on record for road deaths: 27 a day during Christmas', Daily Telegraph, 4 Jan. 1935. 22 Letters in Daily Telegraph, 7 Jan. 1935.
  • 'Road control run riot : motorists' fears, more rights for the pedestrian', Daily Mail, 14 Sept. 1934.
  • 'They laugh at him: but the name Belisha is now part of the language', Daily Sketch, 14 Jan. 1935. 25 'They still don't know the answer', Daily Mail, 21 Dec. 1938.
  • 'Don't embarrass motorists! Walkers may face new dangers at road crossings ', Daily Sketch, 21 Dec. 1938.
  • Plowden, The motor car and politics, p. 280.
  • O'Connell, The car in British society, pp. 113-14.
  • Plowden, The motor car and politics, p. 258; O'Connell, The car in British society, p. 126. 30 'National ''Safety First'' Association: summary of draft scheme for conduct of an educational campaign against accidents', July 1933, NA, MT 34/142; Godfrey, Roadsense for children, p. 33; 'Recommendation of committee on road safety among school children', circular 1449, 1932-4, NA, ED 11/189.
  • Godfrey, Roadsense for children, pp. 28-9.
  • ' A mile of pedestrian barriers', Times, 28 May 1936.
  • 'How not to cross the road', Times, 9 Oct. 1936.
  • Report by the select committee of the House of Lords on the prevention of road accidents, chaired by Lord Alness (London, 1939), pp. 9-13. 43 Ibid., p. 9. 44 Ibid., p. 33.
  • Juliet Gardiner, Wartime: Britain, 1939-1945 (London, 2004), p. 52. 46 [Department of transport], 'Road accidents and casualties: 1926-1995 ', p. 184.
  • Gardiner, Wartime, p. 50.
  • Peter Hennessy, Never Again: Britain, 1945-1951 (London, 1993), p. 89. 49 'Kerb drill', British Movietone News, 14 June 1945, issue no. 836A. 50 [Ministry of transport], Final report of the committee on road safety, May 1947 (London, 1947), p. 9.
  • J. S. Dean, Murder most foul … a study of the road deaths problem (London, 1947), p. 74. 52 Ibid., p. 8. 53 See ministry of war transport display advertising in the Times, 4 Mar. 1946, and 27 Mar. 1946. 54 Unreferenced press clippings from the Central Office of Information, ' Ministry of transport, road safety campaign; J. Walter Thompson and Co. Ltd., 1947', NA, INF 2/132.
  • Ministry of transport], Final report of the committee on road safety, p. 12.
  • George Charlesworth, A history of the transport and road research laboratory, 1933-1983 (Aldershot, 1987), pp. 104-6. 58 Ibid., p. 108.
  • Ibid.
  • ' Watch on road crossings: new types tested ', Times, 5 Apr. 1949. 61 [Ministry of transport], Final report of the committee on road safety, p. 53. 62 'Pains and penalties for pedestrians ', Times, 17 Nov. 1950. 63 'Art for the pedestrian', Times, 3 May 1949. 64 'Contribution to brief for debate on private member's motion: pedestrian crossings', Jan. 1964, NA, MT 112/167. 65 'News in brief', Times, 3 Nov. 1951. 66 [Ministry of transport], The highway code (4th edn, London, 1954), p. 5.
  • Stuart R. de la Mahotie `re, 'Beacons at crossings' (letter), Times, 31 Oct. 1953.
  • 'Let's have some blinking discipline', Yorkshire Post, 13 Jan. 1954. 69 [Department of the environment], Pedestrian safety (London, 1973), p. 16.
  • See 'Protecting the children: lessons in road safety', Times, 29 Dec. 1949; and 'Road safety for children', Times, 27 Mar. 1950.
  • 'Does a faulty panda become a zebra ?', Times, 18 May 1962.
  • ' London experiment in pedestrian control', Times, 6 Sept. 1962. 87 Letters in the Times, 10 Sept. 1962.
  • Martin Wainwright, 'Zebras get the hump', Guardian, 19 Aug. 1986.
  • 'Comments on the draft Pelican Crossing regulations 1969 ', 11 June 1969, NA, MT/112/317. 90 [Ministry of transport], Traffic in towns: a study of the long-term problems of traffic in urban areas (London, 1963).
  • A. M. Mackie and S. J. Older, 'Study of pedestrian risk in crossing busy roads in London's inner suburbs', Traffic Engineering and Control, Oct. 1965, pp. 376-80; G. D. Jacobs, 'Pedestrian behaviour on a length of road containing guard rails ', Traffic Engineering and Control, Jan. 1966, pp. 556-65;
  • J. M. Bayley, 'Pedestrians and traffic signals', Traffic Engineering and Control, Sept. 1966, pp. 311-12, 323. 92 [Ministry of transport], Report of the traffic signs committee, 18 April 1963 (London, 1963), p. 59.
  • Michael Braham, 'X-ways are diabolical!', Reading Evening Post, 23 Mar. 1967, NA, MT 96/168. 94 Town and around, BBC1, 6 Mar. 1967, transcript in NA, MT 96/168. 95 'Notes on demonstration and discussion concerning modified push button pedestrian crossing equipment', 27 Aug. 1964, NA, MT 112/167.
  • T. G. Usborne, 'Views on '' X-way'' crossings since coming into operation on 6 March 1967 ', 16 Jan. 1968, NA, MT 96/247. 97 'Views on X-way crossings since coming into operation on 6 March 1967', n.d., NA, MT 96/247. 98 J. Mellor to Mr Morris, 9 July 1968, NA, MT 96/247.
  • C. Jamieson to J. Mellor, 4 July 1968, NA, MT 96/247. 100 'Pelican crossing: brief for minister ', n.d., NA, MT/112/317. 101 'Road safety publicity: a proposal for a sustained campaign: brief for the minister', 9 Jan. 1967, NA, MT 92/411. 105 Ministry of transport, 'Minutes of the first working party meeting to discuss publicity arrange- ments for the ''X-way'' pedestrian crossing', 13 July 1966, NA, MT 96/168.
  • E. M. Cawkell, 'The green cross code', Traffic engineering and control, July 1971, p. 116. 107 [Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents], ' Road safety for the Tufty Club', NA, MT 92/94.
  • A. Singh, 'Pedestrian education', in Anthony Chapman, Frances M. Wade, and Hugh C. Foot, eds., Pedestrian accidents (Chichester, 1982), pp. 79-81. 109 Ibid., p. 94.
  • Children's heroes -Joe Bugner (Central Office of Information, 1976), Children's heroes -Alvin Stardust (Central Office of Information, 1976), Children's heroes -Mud (Central Office of Information, 1976), Children's heroes -Kevin Keegan (Central Office of Information, 1976).
  • Green Cross Code (1) -Dave Prowse (Central Office of Information, 1975), Green Cross Code (2) -Dave Prowse (Central Office of Information, 1976), Green Cross Code (3) -Dave Prowse (Central Office of Information, 1976), Green Cross Code -Tony gets it right (Central Office of Information, 1976). 112
  • Splink -Jon Pertwee (Central Office of Information, 1976).
  • 'Ministry's new safety drill is ''inadequate''', Times, 11 June 1971.
  • Irwin, Risk and the control of technology, p. 102.
  • Mike Michael, Reconnecting culture, technology and nature: from society to heterogeneity (London, 2000), pp. 24, 131. 116 Ash Amin and Nigel Thrift, Cities: reimagining the urban (Cambridge, 2002), p. 26.
  • Susan Stewart, On longing: narratives of the miniature, the gigantic, the souvenir, the collection (Durham, NC, 1993), p. 14. 118 [Department of the environment], 'Fatal and serious road casualties: children 5-14 years', in Transport statistics Great Britain, 1964-1974 (London, 1976), p. 137. 119 [Department of transport], 'Road accidents and casualties: 1926-1995', pp. 184-5.
  • Clive Emsley, '''Mother, what did policemen do when there weren't any motors? '': the law, the police and the regulation of motor traffic in England, 1900-1939', Historical Journal, 36 (1993), pp. 357-81, at p. 357.
  • Irwin, Risk and the control of technology, p. 95.
  • Plowden, The motor car and politics, pp. 3, 17. 123 Ibid., p. 392.
  • See O'Connell, The car in British society, pp. 113, 132-3, 218. 125 'Pelican crossing: brief for minister', n.d., NA, MT 112/317.
  • See, for example, 'Report on Panda Crossing trials, 1964', n.d., NA, MT 112/167.
  • Diane E. Firth, 'Children's knowledge of the Green Cross Code and kerb drill ', Transport and road research laboratory technical note no. 791 (Crowthorne, 1973);
  • Diane E. Firth, 'The road safety aspects of the Tufty Club', Transport and road research laboratory report no. 604 (Crowthorne, 1973).