Temperature Sensor

Temperature (T) is the most fundamental parameter in science. Respective sensors also are widely used in daily life. Besides conventional thermometers, optical sensors are considered to be attractive alternatives in sensing and on-line monitoring of T. This review focuses on all kinds of lumines-cent probes and sensors for measurement of T and summarizes the recent progress in their design and application formats. In the introduction, we cover the significance of optical probes for T, the origin of their T-dependent spectra, and the various detection modes.This is followed by a suryey on (a) molecular probes, (b) nanomaterials, and (c) bulk materials for sensing T, a discussion of polymeric matrices for immobilizing probes and an overview on the various application formats of T-sensors. The review closes with a discussion on the prospects, challenges, and new directions in the design of new probes and sensors. 248 references.
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The developments in the agricultural field are the buzzword in the market. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important and it is well known that irrigation by drip is very economical and efficient. In the conventional drip irrigation system, the farmer has to keep watch on irrigation timetable, which is different for different crops and it is very difficult. This paper mainly focuses on designing of an accurate & cost effective Global System for Mobile (GSM) Based Automatic Drip Irrigation System using micro-controller. In order to fulfill these objectives we have used relay and solenoid valve along with a 16×2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that can be connected to the microcontroller, which will displays the soil moisture level and ambient temperature. The developed irrigation method removes the need for workmanship for flooding irrigation. Efficient water management plays an important role in the irrigated agricultural cropping systems. Time based control mechanism; volume based control mechanism and priority based mechanism can be designed in one system.

In recent days numerous individuals have experienced the ill effects Of medical issues like heart related, cardiovascular, malignancy and various illnesses. Epilepsy is like a complex network disease, those who have seizures, which are controlled, and those who struggle on a daily basis. Many epilepsy patients cannot call for help during a seizure, because of the unconscious so it can lead to injuries, medical Complications and loses memory during the seizure attack. The seizures happen because of electrical activity in the brain, causing a sudden change in behavior at times seizures appear to be unique and on what part of the cerebrum they influence. This paper proposes a methodology for epilepsy individual which uses sensor to evaluate the parameters of the patients like temperature, fall of the patient, shaken of the hand and sound of the patient. The patient's status can be seen on PC through IOT so that the specialist/attendants can occasionally screen the patient's epilepsy.

Most of the population of our country are depends on agriculture for their survival. Agriculture plays an important role in our country economy,
but since past few years production from agriculture sector is decreasing drastically. Agriculture sector saw a drastic downfall in its productivity from past few years, there are many reasons for this downfall. In this paper we will discuss about past, present and future of agriculture in our country, agricultural policies which are provided by government to improve  the growth of agriculture and reasons why we are not able see the growth in agriculture. And also we will see how can we adopt automation into agriculture using various emerging technologies like IoT (Internet of Things), data mining, cloud computing and machine learning and some authors done some quality work previously on this topic we will discuss that also. Here we will see previous work done by various authors which can be useful to increase the productivity of agriculture sector.

A time-to-digital-converter-based CMOS smart temperature sensor is proposed for high-accuracy portable applications. Conventional smart temperature sensors rely on an analog-to-digital converter, which consumes much chip area and operating power, for digital output code conversion. For the purpose of cost reduction and power saving, the proposed smart temperature sensor first generates a pulse with a width proportional to the measured temperature. Then, a cyclic time-to-digital converter (TDC) is utilized to convert the pulse into the corresponding digital code. The test chips, with extremely small area of 0.175 mm2, were fabricated by the TSMC CMOS 0.35 μm 2P4M process. Due to the excellent linearity of the digital output, the achieved measurement error is merely -0.6°C to +0.8°C without any curvature correction or dynamic offset-cancellation. The effective resolution is better than 0.15°C, and the power consumption is 10 μW.

Automated irrigation system is used to optimize water use for agricultural crops. The aim of farmer is to produce “more crops per drop”, hence there are irrigation techniques which consumes less fresh water. These techniques are helpful in the regions where there is a scarcity of fresh water. Irrigation is the artificial of water to the soil usually for supporting in rising crops. To implement the proposed system uses ARM968E-S processor running at frequencies of up to 125 MHz maximum. Our embedded project is to design and develop a low cost feature which is based on embedded platform foe water irrigation system. This project uses temperature and soil moisture sensor to detect the water quality present in agriculture. The project uses ARM9 LPC2929 combined with 125 MHz ARM968ES CPU core, which is 32-bit controller to process the information. The aim of our embedded project is to monitor status of the sensor which can be monitored on web page through microcontroller. The web-server is connected to internet. This page contains all the information about the status of the sensor or else the owner can also monitor result through mobile. GSM modem is controlled with the help of standard set of AT (Attention) commands. These commands are used to control majority of the functions of GSM modem. Application of this system is use to monitor and control different parameters in agriculture and industrial field and also hazardous area such as chemical or nuclear plant.

In this study, real time monitoring and controlling of an elevator prototype based on PLC is developed. The software of PLC has been improved in Simatic Version 4.0 and the main control interface is also developed in Visual Basic as more visual. The system has been applied on a laboratory sized elevator prototype which includes a dc motor, sensors for every floor, gas-smoke detectors and temperature sensor. OPC Server protocol is used to transfer data between the PLC and the control interface. The system developed can be used for not only controlling and monitoring an industrial elevator system but also learning the basic principles of a PLC based system and control strategies of elevator systems as an educational material.