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Given an input string (
s
) and a pattern (p
), implement regular expression matching with support for'.'
and'*'
.The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).
Note:
s
could be empty and contains only lowercase lettersa-z
.p
could be empty and contains only lowercase lettersa-z
, and characters like.
or*
.Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
Example 4:
Example 5:
这道求正则表达式匹配的题和那道 Wildcard Matching 的题很类似,不同点在于的意义不同,在之前那道题中,表示可以代替任意个数的字符,而这道题中的表示之前那个字符可以有0个,1个或是多个,就是说,字符串 ab,可以表示b或是 aaab,即a的个数任意,这道题的难度要相对之前那一道大一些,分的情况的要复杂一些,需要用递归 Recursion 来解,大概思路如下:
- 若p为空,若s也为空,返回 true,反之返回 false。
- 若p的长度为1,若s长度也为1,且相同或是p为 '.' 则返回 true,反之返回 false。
- 若p的第二个字符不为*,若此时s为空返回 false,否则判断首字符是否匹配,且从各自的第二个字符开始调用递归函数匹配。
- 若p的第二个字符为*,进行下列循环,条件是若s不为空且首字符匹配(包括 p[0] 为点),调用递归函数匹配s和去掉前两个字符的p(这样做的原因是假设此时的星号的作用是让前面的字符出现0次,验证是否匹配),若匹配返回 true,否则s去掉首字母(因为此时首字母匹配了,我们可以去掉s的首字母,而p由于星号的作用,可以有任意个首字母,所以不需要去掉),继续进行循环。
- 返回调用递归函数匹配s和去掉前两个字符的p的结果(这么做的原因是处理星号无法匹配的内容,比如 s="ab", p="ab",直接进入 while 循环后,我们发现 "ab" 和 "b" 不匹配,所以s变成 "b",那么此时跳出循环后,就到最后的 return 来比较 "b" 和 "b" 了,返回 true。再举个例子,比如 s="", p="a",由于s为空,不会进入任何的 if 和 while,只能到最后的 return 来比较了,返回 true,正确)。
解法一:
上面的方法可以写的更加简洁一些,但是整个思路还是一样的,先来判断p是否为空,若为空则根据s的为空的情况返回结果。当p的第二个字符为号时,由于号前面的字符的个数可以任意,可以为0,那么我们先用递归来调用为0的情况,就是直接把这两个字符去掉再比较,或者当s不为空,且第一个字符和p的第一个字符相同时,再对去掉首字符的s和p调用递归,注意p不能去掉首字符,因为号前面的字符可以有无限个;如果第二个字符不为号,那么就老老实实的比较第一个字符,然后对后面的字符串调用递归,参见代码如下:
解法二:
我们也可以用 DP 来解,定义一个二维的 DP 数组,其中 dp[i][j] 表示 s[0,i) 和 p[0,j) 是否 match,然后有下面三种情况(下面部分摘自这个帖子):
1. P[i][j] = P[i - 1][j - 1], if p[j - 1] != '' && (s[i - 1] == p[j - 1] || p[j - 1] == '.');
2. P[i][j] = P[i][j - 2], if p[j - 1] == '' and the pattern repeats for 0 times;
3. P[i][j] = P[i - 1][j] && (s[i - 1] == p[j - 2] || p[j - 2] == '.'), if p[j - 1] == '*' and the pattern repeats for at least 1 times.
解法三:
GitHub 同步地址:
#10
类似题目:
Wildcard Matching
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/regular-expression-matching/
https://leetcode.com/problems/regular-expression-matching/discuss/5684/9-lines-16ms-c-dp-solutions-with-explanations
https://leetcode.com/problems/regular-expression-matching/discuss/5665/my-concise-recursive-and-dp-solutions-with-full-explanation-in-c
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
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