Could this be the same issue as the one the asker of question #442181 had? I.e. sshd fails to start at boot because the interface/address it wants to bind to isn't ready yet. You mention that you've specified a non-standard port for the server socket, have you also specified a particular network interface and/or IP address?
I don't know why systemd instead starts a per-connection daemon that uses
the standard configuration, though. It might be part of the default system configuration, as you suggest. In question #507705 they talk about systemd "socket activation", which apparently is the feature that provides per-connection service spawning. Look for a systemd unit file named sshdssh.socket. You can use man systemd.socket to get information about how the feature works.
Edit: You should be able to use systemctl status ssh.socket to check whether systemd's SSH server socket is enabled.