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ps(hence a comment instead of an answer) but would something likeps -aux | tail -n+2 | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort -uwork? Of course, that also includes system users running non-interactive processes, but we can work on that if you think this is a promising avenue to pursue.getent.ps". Sincepsis the tool to query active processes, could you clarify whypsis not allowed?/proc(from the same placepsgets it)grep Uid: /proc/*/status, etc ;-) Keep in mind that a user id is simply a number, and any privileged process can justsetuid(some_uid), without it having to go through pam/utmp, and withoutsome_uidhaving to exist in any database, or have attached to it a name or a home directory. The only way to get a list of all active uids is to look through all the processes running on that machine.