To match a stingstring until a space, use [^ ]*
The complete command would be:
ip a |sed -En "{N ; N ; s/^[1-9]: (.*: ).+\n?.+\n? {4}inet \
([^ ]*).*/\1\2/p}"
Output:
lo: 127.0.0.1/8
eno1: 192.168.1.44/24
wlx68a3c45b2875: 192.168.1.36/24