- First Xorg: This is the canvas that everything is drawn on, plus the keyboard and mouse.
- Then display manager: This is a login manager.
- Then a window manager: This manages the windows, allows user to move, resize, etc.
- Other desktop tools may also be run: panels (the strip at the top/bottom/side) etc.
The system is (see dictionary) everything.
I would recommend trying some experiments. Here is a suggested challenge (you will learn much doing it, and it should take 1→3 hours (tell be after how long it took)).
If you are logged in then you can skip the display manager, and bring up X11 (xorg), with just a terminal. From there you can launch other programs such as xeyes, and/or a window manager. You can then run some more programs, and exit the window manager, and start a different one.
#step one (hover to see)
step one (hover to see)
ctrl-alt-F2
export DISPLAY=:1
sudo xorg $DISPLAY -retro &
go back to ctrl-alt-F2 to start an xterm.