You can install and configure the SMART monitoring tools. On Debian the package is called smartmontools. These won't prevent disk failure but they will help identify precursors to possible disk failure.

There is no configuration in the package installation, so you need first to enable SMART monitoring in the file /etc/default/smartmontools:

# uncomment to start smartd on system startup
start_smartd=yes

and then edit the configuration file /etc/smartd.conf:

# The word DEVICESCAN will cause any remaining lines in this
# configuration file to be ignored [...]
# [...] Most users should comment out DEVICESCAN and explicitly
# list the devices that they wish to monitor.
#DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m root -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner


# Short test nightly, Long test on Sunday mornings; append "-m [email protected]" to email errors
/dev/sda -a -s (S/../.././02|L/../../6/03)
/dev/sdb -a -s (S/../.././04|L/../../6/05)
/dev/sdc -a -s (S/../.././06|L/../../6/07)
# /dev/sdd -a -s (S/../.././06|L/../../6/07) -m [email protected]

Finally start the monitoring subsystem, invoke-rc.d smartmontools start.

There are also some very good answers at Monitor disk health using smartd (in smartmontools) on a high availability software RAID 1 server

You can install and configure the SMART monitoring tools. On Debian the package is called smartmontools. These won't prevent disk failure but they will help identify precursors to possible disk failure.

There is no configuration in the package installation, so you need first to enable SMART monitoring in the file /etc/default/smartmontools:

# uncomment to start smartd on system startup
start_smartd=yes

and then edit the configuration file /etc/smartd.conf:

# The word DEVICESCAN will cause any remaining lines in this
# configuration file to be ignored [...]
# [...] Most users should comment out DEVICESCAN and explicitly
# list the devices that they wish to monitor.
#DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m root -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner


# Short test nightly, Long test on Sunday mornings; append "-m [email protected]" to email errors
/dev/sda -a -s (S/../.././02|L/../../6/03)
/dev/sdb -a -s (S/../.././04|L/../../6/05)
/dev/sdc -a -s (S/../.././06|L/../../6/07)
# /dev/sdd -a -s (S/../.././06|L/../../6/07) -m [email protected]

Finally start the monitoring subsystem, invoke-rc.d smartmontools start.

There are also some very good answers at Monitor disk health using smartd (in smartmontools) on a high availability software RAID 1 server