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    grep does execute in the second example too. It just doesn't have much to do, because its input ends immediately. You can observe this by doing, e.g. cats and dogs | echo hello, which will output hello, while complaining that there are no cats. The error message about the missing cats is being written to the first command's standard error stream, which is not redirected by default. But try cats and dogs 2>&1 | tr a u Commented Apr 6, 2015 at 1:42