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lang-bash
bash -x students.shyou will see that the last read will increment in 1 the array:+ read 'students[11]' + echo 11 11 + ArrayLength=12. Since it's reading the 11th position, the ArrayLength will be 12 at the end of the operations.readfails when it doesn't read a newline character. It may fail and assign a non-empty string if the input ends in a non-terminated line. Like inprintf foo | read line.