Looking at the top of the Open Group Base Specifications, you will see the standard identifier IEEE Std 1003.1-2008. IEEE Std 1003.1 is what is known as POSIX.1 with 2008 just being the latest incarnation. Looking at POSIX on Wikipedia, you will see that the standard contains three parts including:
- Base Definitions, Issue 7
- System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 7
- Commands and Utilities, Issue 7
Basically, POSIX is just the name of the standard developed by the IEEE with the initial version done in 1988. POSIX is not UNIX™ officially simply because IEEE does not own the trademark, but it is the operating system environment and interface found on UNIX™ systems. Later on, The Open Group who controls the UNIX™ trademark got involved with creating a standard based on POSIX called Single UNIX Specification version 2 or SUSv2. Now these two specifications are developed jointly as The Austin Group. The latest version is SUSv4. So, to sum up:
POSIX:2008 = IEEE Std. 1003.1-2008 = SUSv4 = The Open Group Specification Issue 7.
Also, read my answer to What exactly is POSIX?What exactly is POSIX?