If all you care about is what comes to the right of = if what's on the left is -DnodeId, you can do this:
NODE=$(pargs -l $PID| awk -F '-DnodeId=' '{sub(" .*","",$2);print $2}')
 This will print whatever comes to the right of the pattern -DnodeId= up to but excluding the first space. If there's more than one -DnodeId on the command line, it will work with the first one only.
 To handle more than one -DnodeId per line is also possible:
NODES=($(pargs -l $PID| awk -F '-DnodeId=' '{
          for(i=2;i<=NF;i++){
              sub(" .*","",$i);
              print $i
          }
        }'
))