fix: 3.x-dev can install a 3.y version

[mayeut]

Description:
Rework desugarDevVersion so that 3.x-dev cannot end up with 3.y/4.x installed.
It still does not do what one would expect (include pre-release even if there's a stable release - would require actions/toolkit#709 to be fixed) but it was already the case & python-versions does not build pre-releases for minor versions once a stable release exists, so it does not matter much (but going with mitigates rather than fix below).

Related issue:
mitigates #416

Check list:

• Mark if documentation changes are required.
• Mark if tests were added or updated to cover the changes.

[vsafonkin]

Hi @mayeut, could you please update README note about -dev syntax?

- Use `-dev` instead of a patch number (e.g., `3.11-dev`) to install the latest release of a patch version, *alpha and beta releases included

[mayeut]

could you please update README note about -dev syntax?

@vsafonkin,
what should it be changed to ? the implementation is just being fixed, should not change the doc. unless you want to account for the fact that alpha and beta are not included once a stable version exists in which case:

- Use `-dev` instead of a patch number (e.g., `3.11-dev`) to install the latest release of a patch version, *alpha and beta releases included if no stable version exists*

[vsafonkin]

@mayeut, I mean to install the latest release of a minor version -> to install the latest release of a patch version replacing

[mayeut]

It was clear for me with minor, I find it unclear with your proposal. How about:
to install the latest release of a minor version -> to install the latest patch version release for a given minor version

If what the patch is doing is unclear using 3.10-dev as an example:

import * as semver from 'semver';

function check(version: string, range: string) {
  const statified = semver.satisfies(version, range);
  const expected = semver.satisfies(version, "~3.10.0-0", {includePrerelease: true});
  if (expected !== statified) {
    console.error(`FAIL: ${version} statifies ${range} returned ${statified}, expected ${expected}`)
  }
  else {
    console.log(`PASS: ${version} statifies ${range} returned ${statified}, expected ${expected}`)
  }
}

for (const range of [">= 3.10.0-a0", "~3.10.0-0"]) {
  for (const version of ["3.9.9", "3.10.0-alpha.1", "3.10.0", "3.10.1-alpha.1", "3.10.1", "3.11.0-alpha.1", "3.11.0"]) {
    check(version, range);
  }
}

before PR (>= 3.10.0-a0):

PASS: 3.9.9 statifies >= 3.10.0-a0 returned false, expected false 
PASS: 3.10.0-alpha.1 statifies >= 3.10.0-a0 returned true, expected true 
PASS: 3.10.0 statifies >= 3.10.0-a0 returned true, expected true 
FAIL: 3.10.1-alpha.1 statifies >= 3.10.0-a0 returned false, expected true
PASS: 3.10.1 statifies >= 3.10.0-a0 returned true, expected true 
PASS: 3.11.0-alpha.1 statifies >= 3.10.0-a0 returned false, expected false 
FAIL: 3.11.0 statifies >= 3.10.0-a0 returned true, expected false

with the PR (~3.10.0-0):

PASS: 3.9.9 statifies ~3.10.0-0 returned false, expected false 
PASS: 3.10.0-alpha.1 statifies ~3.10.0-0 returned true, expected true 
PASS: 3.10.0 statifies ~3.10.0-0 returned true, expected true 
FAIL: 3.10.1-alpha.1 statifies ~3.10.0-0 returned false, expected true
PASS: 3.10.1 statifies ~3.10.0-0 returned true, expected true 
PASS: 3.11.0-alpha.1 statifies ~3.10.0-0 returned false, expected false 
PASS: 3.11.0 statifies ~3.10.0-0 returned false, expected false

[vsafonkin]

@mayeut, great, thank you!